Azalea (Azalea) - mofuta o motle le o khabisang oa limela tse fetolang sebaka se seng le se seng hore e be sebaka se setle se khahlehang. Tlhokahalo ea ho lema lirapa e ntse e ata haholo. Botanists e ntse e tsoela pele ho theha mefuta e mecha ea lebasetere.
Serapa sa Azalea - ke lipalesa tsa mofuta ofe, hore ke tsa lelapa lefe?
Sehlahla sa Azalea ke sejalo se tsoang lelapeng la Heather ho tsoa Chaena, Japane le Amerika Leboea. Ho na le mefuta e mengata tikolohong ea tlhaho. Mashome a seng makae a fetileng, semela sena se ne se nkoa se loketse ho hola lipompong le matlong a limela. Lihlahla tsa temo ea kantle li se li ntse li ratoa hajoale.
Serapa sa Azalea
Bophahamo ba azalea bo ka ba bolelele ba 30 cm ho isa ho 3. Makhasi a manyane a elliptical a fumaneha letlapeng le tšesaane le koahetsoeng ke makhapetla a bobebe. Li-inflorescence tse fapaneng tsa mebala: tšoeu, pinki, tshehla, pherese, bofubelu kapa 'mala oa lamunu.
E khahla ho tseba! Ka lebaka la hore mefuta e mengata ea azalea ha e na serame, e loketse ho lengoa karolong e bohareng le e ka leboea ea Russia.
Nalane ea likhetho
Mathoasong a lekholo la bo19 la lilemo, Motsamaisi Velbek o khonne ho tlisa sehlahla se nang le lipalesa tsa azalea tse tsoang India ebe o li fetisetsa serapeng sa botanical haufi le London. Mefuta eo e bile moholo-holo oa mefuta eohle e nyalisitsoeng e fumanoeng ke bo-rasaense ka lebaka la khetho e telele. Naheng ea Russia, litso tsa shrub tsa pele li ne li le lirapeng tsa limela. Hamorao, balemi le bahiruoa ba ile ba tsoala mefuta e fetang likete tse 12 ea mefuta eohle e nyalisitsoeng.
Mefuta e tummeng ea lijalo tsa mariha tse thata, litlhaloso tsa tsona
Balemi ba lipalesa ba Russia ba khetha mefuta e metle ea lihlahla tse thata mariha le li-inflorescence tse kholo tsa libopeho tse fapaneng. Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea mariha:
- Chanel
- Freya
- Klondike;
- Tunisia
- Sonya
- Mabone a Khauta;
- Letsatsi le likela;
- 'Mala oa Orange Gibraltar.
Ela hloko! Hard Hardness ke bokhoni ba semela ba ho mamella litšusumetso tsa tikoloho ho pholletsa le mariha. Ho hanyetsa serame ke bokhoni ba semela ba ho boloka tšebetso e bohlokoa ha bo pepesetsoa ke lithemparetjha tse tlase.
Mefuta e mengata ka ho fetisisa e nang le "deciduous" e khetholloa ke serame ha mocheso o theohela ho -26 ℃. Lihlahla tsohle li hola butle butle, li fihla bophahamong ba tsona bo phahameng kamora lilemo tse 10 feela.
Mefuta e tlase ka ho fetisisa ke Golden Sunset le Gibraltar, e fihla bophahamong bo seng boteng ba 1. Baemeli ba bang ba mefuta ba hola ho tloha hofihlella ho 1,4 m ho isa ho 2 makhasi a sefate sa mohloaare ho ea botala bo lefifi, a fetola 'mala hore o be bofubelu-' mala ka hoetla. Li-inflorescence li ka ba tsa monochromatic ka bobeli, tsa kenella ka 'mala oa bobeli. Azalea a makatsang a khetha sebaka se bataletseng se nang le moriti o monyane, moaparo o holimo o holimo le mongobo o mongata.
Azalea Gibraltar
Ho lema le ho hlokomela liabalone tsa jareteng tse bulehileng
Shrub azalea e rata ho hola mobung oa acidic o nang le lehlabathe le peat. Bakeng sa nts'etsopele e felletseng ea sehlahla se sa feleng naheng, acidity ea mobu e bolokoa maemong a 4.0-4.5 pH.
Japanese Azalea: ho lema le ho hlokomela sebakeng se bulehileng
Ho khothalletsoa lipeo tsa Azalea hore li lenngoe mathoasong a selemo pele ho ts'imoloho ea ho tsamaea ha lero kapa mathoasong a hoetla, e le hore semela se na le nako ea ho mela pele ho bata.
Sebaka se nepahetseng sa ho lema se bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhokomelo le ho lema li-azalea ka serapeng. E lokela ho ba sebaka se chesang se nang le mabone a mangata. Sebakeng se khethiloeng, cheka sekoti ka boholo ba metso ea metso. Azalea ea seterateng e tlosoa ka pitseng ea lipalangoang hammoho le hlama ea letsopa ebe e beoa bohareng ba sekoti, metso e koahetsoe ka karoloana e tsoang holimo.
Tlhahisoleseling e eketsehileng! Botebo ba sekoti bo lokela ho ba joalo hore hlama ea lefats'e e nang le metso e kenella moo mme cm e 'ngoe e lule e le teng. Pele o lula, mokato oa drainage o beoa ka tlase.
Ho nosetsa ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho hlokomela lihlahla tsa Majapane. Azalea e hloka metsi a mangata (ho fihla ho lilithara tse 20 ka semela se seng le se seng sa batho ba baholo). Ho bohlokoa ho lekola mongobo oa mobu haufi le sehlahla, ho qoba ho omella ka ntle. Motšehare, sehlahla se fafatsoa ho tsoa sethunya sa ho fafatsa, 'me lijana li beoa haufi le semela.
Ntlha e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ha ho lema li-azaleas tsa serapeng ke substrate e khethiloeng hantle. E lokela ho ba acidic le ho hema. Karolo e kaholimo e lokiselitsoe ho tsoa likarolo tse latelang ka likarolo tse lekanang:
- humus;
- lehlabathe;
- peat;
- lekhasi, turf le naha e kopaneng.
Ho fepa lipalesa ka lekhetlo la pele ho etsahala libeke tse 3 kamora ho lema, se latelang se etsoa kamora matsatsi a 20. Morero o fe kapa o fe oa limela tse khabisang lipalesa o loketse joalo ka moiteli.
Ho khaola ea Azalea
Nakong ea selemo, ho faola ka bohloeki ho etsoa, ho tlosa feela lithutso tse omileng le tse kulang. Sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore nakong ea selemo semela se thehile lipalesa. Mokhoa o khabisang oa sehlahla o etsoa ka hoetla kamora ho putlama ha inflorescence. Ka lebaka leo, ho sala makhasi a phetseng hantle, a matla, makala ohle a omileng le makhasi a lipalesa a omisitsoeng a tlosoa.
Bohlokoa! Haeba letlobo la khale le sa tlosoe ka nako, ebe ka mora lilemo tse 'maloa sehlahla se tla hola, makala a tla thibela phihlello ea leseli le moea,' me hamorao li tla baka kholo ea mafu.
Ka tlhokomelo e nepahetseng ea semela se nyane, kamora lilemo tse 2-3 e tla khahlisa lipalesa. Balemi ba bangata ba lipalesa ba nka azalea e le semela se setle ebile ha a batle ho kenella ho letseng sehlahla se setle sa Majapane.
Tlhokomelo ea Mariha ea Mariha
Ho hlokomela li-azalea mariha ho bohlokoa feela joaloka linako tse ling tsa selemo. Khafetsa li khetha lihlahla tse hloahloa bakeng sa ho hanela serame, empa mefuta e hlokolosi haholo e hloka lits'ireletso ho tloha agrofiber, marulelong a ikutloa joalo, liforeimi. Nakong ea selemo ba tlosoa.
Lihlahla tse lulang li le setala li lula li le mongobo, kamora ho nosetsa lihlahla ho hasanya sekoti sa makhapetla a makhapetla a peine, makhasi a peat le makhasi a oak. Mokhoa ona oa agrotechnical o sireletsa metso hore e se ke ea oma le ho bata ha mocheso.
Likarolo tsa limela tse thunyang
Ho latela nako ea lipalesa, mefuta eohle ea li-azalea tsa serapeng e ka ba ea mefuta e meraro:
- lipalesa tsa pele (lipalesa tsa pele li hlaha ka December);
- lipalesa tse mahareng (ponahalo ea lipalesa li etsahala ka Hlakubele);
- ho thunya ha morao (lipalesa li hlaha ka Mphalane).
Ka lekhetlo la pele, semela se senyenyane se thunya lilemo tse 2-3 kamora ho lema. Ka tlhokomelo e nepahetseng le maemo a phutholohileng, ts'ebetso ena e nka libeke tse peli ho isa ho likhoeli tse 2,5.
Hlokomela! Haeba nakong ea ho jala li-buds semela se fetisetsoa sebakeng se secha, lipalesa li ka emisa. Tabeng ena, o hloka ho khutlisetsa palesa sebakeng sa eona sa pele.
Lipalesa tsa Azalea ke tsa tubular kapa tse bataletseng, 'mala o le mong kapa litoni tse peli. Mefuta e meng e tšoauoa ka monko o monate. Mefuta e 4 ea bohlokoa ea lipalesa e khetholloa ke sebopeho:
- E bonolo (likhahla tsa 5-6).
- Terry (palo ea lipeo e fapane, e meng e thehiloe ho stamens).
- "Palesa e bonolo" ea lipalesa "(likharetene tse leshome le metso e 'meli), senoelo se thehang liphooko"
- Tera "palesa ka lipalesa" (likhahla tse 30 kapa ho feta).
Azalea Inflorescences
Mekhoa ea ho jala lipalesa
Sehlahla sa mekhabiso se phatlalalitsoe ka mekhoa e mengata: lipeo, li-cutlets, layering (li arola sehlahla). Mokhoa oa peo ha o sebelisoe hangata, hobane limela tse thunyang li tla tlameha ho ema nako e telele. Li-cuttings ke mosebetsi o boima o nkang likhoeli tse 1,5 ho isa ho tse. Etsa qalong ea selemo.
Mokhoa o bonolo ka ho fetisisa oa ho jala sejalo ke ka ho rala ha lehlomela le thelisoa haufi le lefats'e ka moo ho ka khonehang le fafatsoang ka lefatše. Kamora ho mela, ba arohana. E etsoa hantle nakong ea selemo, pele ho motsamao oa lero.
Keketseho ka ho beha
Mathata a ho hola, maloetse le likokonyana
Serapa sa Azalea se ka ba le tšoaetso ea fungal le likokoanyana ka tlhokomelo e sa lokelang. Mafu a atileng haholo morung ke ho bola, mafome, ho bonoa ke makhasi. Ntoeng ea tšoaetso, ho fafatsa ka fungicides kapa sulfate ea koporo hoa thusa.
Tlhahisoleseling e eketsehileng! Tharollo ea likokoanyana tse bolaeang likokoanyana li thusa ho tlosa likokoanyana tsa likokoana-hloko (aphid, mange spider, whiteflies, black thrips).
Ka linako tse ling balemi ba lipalesa ba tobana le ketsahalo e kang ho hloka lipalesa. Ho ka ba le mabaka a 'maloa:
- acidity e sa lokang ea mobu;
- ho haella ha khanya
- ho hloka mongobo;
- mocheso o eketsehileng oa moea;
- khaello kapa manyolo a manyolo a manyolo.
Tšoaetso ea fungal
Lihlahla tsa pele tse khabisitsoeng li hloka tlhokomelo e hlokolosi. Ntle le ho nosetsa khafetsa, ba lakatsa, empa, haeba litlhoko tsohle li phethahala, azalea e tla leboha ka lipalesa tse telele.
