Mefuta e metle ea hop e tšoeu bakeng sa ho jala libetheng tsa hau: lenane le nang le setšoantšo

Molemi e mong le e mong o leka ho holisa lihlooho tsa hop tse ntle le tse ntle sebakeng seo. Ha u khetha mefuta, motho e mong o latela ea khale, ea nako e lekiloeng, e 'nileng ea thusa le maemong a leholimo a mabe,' me motho o rata ho leka tse ncha. Haeba u khetha li butsoitse pele ho nako, li butsoitse le ha li se li butsoitse, u ka fumana lijalo lehlabula lohle, 'me lihlooho tse ling tsa hop li ka bolokoa ho fihlela sehla se tlang.

Mefuta e fapaneng bakeng sa libaka tse fapaneng tsa Russia

Naha ea Russia e libakeng tse kholo, libakeng tse fapaneng tsa boemo ba leholimo, moo ho nang le mobu o fapaneng le sekoahelo sa mocheso selemo le selemo. Ntle ho pelaelo, ho lema lijalo tsa meroho ka tekanyo e kholo ho latela sebaka sa temo. Libaka tse ka sehloohong ke:

• Bohareng:
  • Moscow,
  • Bryansk
  • Vladimirskaya
  • Ivanovskaya
  • Kaluga
  • Ryazan
  • Smolenskaya
  • Sebaka sa Tula;
• Leboea-bophirima:
  • Leningradskaya
  • Vologda
  • Kaliningrad
  • Kostroma,
  • Novgorod,
  • Pskov,
  • Tverskaya
  • Sebaka sa Yaroslavl;
• tsela e bohareng ea Russia:
  • Nizhny Novgorod
  • Kursk
  • Belgorod,
  • Lipetsk,
  • Voronezh
  • Tambov
  • Kirovskaya
  • Penza,
  • Saratov,
  • Ulyanovskaya,
  • Setereke sa Samara,
  • Rephabliking ea Mari El,
  • Rephabliking ea Mordovia,
  • Rephaboliki ea Chuvash;
• Ural;
• Siberia (Libaka tsa Siberia tse ka Bophirima le tsa East East);
• Bochabela bo Hare.

Boholo, ho latela moetlo oa nalane, baahi ba libaka tsa Russia ka bobona ba khetha khetho ea mefuta e fapaneng ea hop e tšoeu. Hangata e thehiloe tumelong e kholisang: "ka hona baholo-holo ba rona ba a lema." Leha ho le joalo, sephetho sa khetho ea sejoale-joale se bonts'a maikutlo a fapaneng, 'me tlhahiso e tsoetseng pele ea khoebo ea peo e ka hlokomela litakatso tsa lihoai tse tsoang tikolohong efe kapa efe. Ka nako e ts'oanang, litlhoko tsa mantlha tsa bareki bakeng sa lijalo tsa meroho ha li fokotsehe, mme maemong a mangata li feta litholoana tsa ho jala mefuta ea setso ea sebaka. Sena ke chai e ngata, le ho hanela maloetse le likokoanyana, le polokeho ea mariha e monate, le tatso ha li jeoa tse ncha, le monyetla oa ho kha.

Khetho ea malapeng e fana ka mefuta e mengata e lekiloeng ea hop e tšoeu e lekiloeng ka nako e telele. Li lenngoe ka bo-1940 ho isa ho bo-1960, 'me li loketse merero ea malapa le libaka tsa likhoebo tsa temo.

Tafole: mefuta e sa tsoaneng ea hop e tšoeu, e lekiloeng ka nako

Ho tsoala ha ho eme, 'me morao tjena ho hlahile mefuta e seng e tumme.

Lethathamo: Mefuta e Meng ea Kajeno ea Khase

Mefuta ea kotulo

Kotulo ea mefuta e fapaneng e sa khethoe feela ka boima ba hlooho ea hop e holileng, empa hape le ka palo ea lihlahisoa tse bokelloang sebakeng ka seng sa yuniti. Kotulo e angoa ke:

• Morero oa ho lema
• boima ba hlooho bo bohareng
• maemo a agrotechnical a temo (ho lekana le nako ea ho nosetsa, likokonyana tsa mafu le taolo ea maloetse, jj.).

Lethathamo: seo u lokelang ho se lema e le hore sejalo se atlehe

Empa ha u khetha k'habeche e fapaneng, u ke ke ua itšetleha feela ka letšoao la tlhahiso ea lijalo. Sebaka sa sebaka, boemo ba leholimo, mobu le likarolo tse ling tsa libaka tsa Russia, hammoho le mekhoa e sebelisitsoeng ea agrotechnical ea ho lema lijalo, e qobella balemi ba meroho ho khetha mefuta ea peo e pharalletseng. Se ke oa lebala pono ea bohlokoa bakeng sa tatso ea motho ka mong ea moreki le litlatsetso tsa setso tsa ho pheha.

Bakeng sa salting le polokelo

White k'habeche ea kholo e bohareng (matsatsi a 120 - 140) e ka lengoa libakeng tse ka leboea tsa Russia. Mefuta e tala ea morao-rao (matsatsi a 150 ho isa ho a 180) hangata e lengoa libakeng tse bohareng le tse ka boroa tsa naha. Ka lebaka la nako e telele ea ho hola, ho fumanoa lihlooho tsa hop tse kholo le tse nang le lero, tse loketseng ho boloka mariha, ho salila le ho khesa.

Lethathamo: mefuta e sa tsoaneng ea hop bakeng sa ho e boloka, ho kha le ho kha

Ka mekhoa e ts'oanang ea ho boloka hop (pickling le pickling), ho na le liphapang tse itseng. Fermentation e hlaha ka tlholeho ea tlhaho le ho etsoa ha lactic acid ho tsoekere e teng hop. Nakong ea letsoai, ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ea microflora e sa batleheng e hatelloa ka letsoai, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang ho na le monyetla oa nts'etsopele ea libaktheria tsa lactic acid. Ntle le moo, palo e itseng ea ethanol, acetic acid le carbon dioxide e thehoa ka har'a moro oa hop, o sa keneng ts'ebetsong ea belisoa, empa o ntlafatsa tatso ea sehlahisoa sa ho qetela.

Khopolo-taba ea Shade-Hardy

Mahlale a temo a ho lema mefuta efe kapa efe ea hop e tšoeu ka masimong a matlo kapa mabaleng a likhoebo tsa temo ha a kenyelle tšebeliso ea libaka tse mongobo. Moetlo ona o hloka libaka tse bulehileng ho fumana lijalo tsa boleng. Khanya ea letsatsi le ho nosetsa ka nako ka tlhahiso ea palo e hlokahalang ea manyolo - ena ke tiiso ea mantlha ea katleho.

Ehlile, sebakeng se ikemetseng sa setša ho na le libaka tse bopehileng tse entsoeng ka sefate sa lijalo le lihlahla. Libaka tsena li ka sebelisoa ebile li lokela ho sebelisoa ho amohela lijalo tse mamellang moriti, empa kh'abeche e tšoeu ha e kenyeletsoe lijalo tsena.

Ho netefatsa sena e ka ba mohlala oa ho iponela. Ha a le mothating oa selemo o ile a lema k'habeche e tšoeu ea mofuta oa li-Slava 1305 ka bongata ba limela tse 20 sebakeng se seng se tlatsitsoeng ke lifate tsa litholoana tse ntle. O khothalelitse ho lema hona ha khabeche ka mokhoa o bonolo - ha ho na sebaka se lekaneng, 'me ke lebaka la hore o hauhela ka ntle. Nakong ea lehlabula, ha ho theknoloji ea temo kapa ho nosetsa e sa tliseng katleho e lakatsehang, leha letsatsi le ne le shebile sebakeng sena motšehare. Limela tse khabisitsoeng li ne li na le boima bo fokolang, li ne li le bolelele li bile li le moea o fokang ka moea o tlang. Empa bohareng ba hoetla, ha ho rengoa ha moqhaka oa lifate ho tloha makhasi a oang ho qalile, lipeo li ile tsa qala ho hola, tsa fumana matla a bonahalang. Le lihlooho tse nyane tsa hop li qalile. Ha nako ea kotulo e fihla, phello e bile ka tsela e latelang: lihlooho tsa hop li ne li tlameletsoe ho karolo ea 60% ea lijalo ebile li lokolohile haholo. Boholo ba hlooho "e behang" ea khabote e ne e sa feta litebele tse peli, 'me qetellong lijalo tsohle li ile tsa fepa liphoofolo.

K'habeche e nang le matsatsi a fapaneng a ripening

Khetho e kholo ea mefuta ea hop e nang le linako tse fapaneng tsa ripening e tla u lumella ho fumana chai esita le libakeng tse sa futhumetseng leholimo.

Tlhalosa

Pele e butsoitseng poone e nyalisitsoeng haholo. E khothalletsoa tšebeliso e ncha. Nako ho tloha ho tsoele pele ho mela ho isa qalong ea ho rala botekgeniki - matsatsi a 60 - 95. Rosette ea makhasi a holisitsoe. Makhasi a manyane, a sephara ka mokhoa o hlakileng, a botala bo botala, a koaheletsoeng ka mohala o fokolang.

Khaba ea khabe ea khabisitsoeng ka khabareng

Hlooho ea hop e nyane, e chitja, e sa koaheloa, e soeufala karolong eo. Basomi ba kantle le ba ka hare ba bokhutšoanyane. Tatso e ntle ebile e ntle. Tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa 3.3 - 3.8 kg / m².

Ngoana

Pele e butsoitseng poone e nyalisitsoeng. E khothalletsoa tšebeliso e ncha. Nako ea ho tloha tsoele pele ho botlalo ho isa qalong ea ho butsoa ha botekgeniki ke matsatsi a 90 - 110. Rosette ea makhasi a otlolohileng. Makhasi a manyane, a le botala bo bobebe, a koaheletsoe ka boea bo bokhutšoaane, boea bo bosesane, bo ts'oaroa hanyane moleng.

Hlooho e pota-potile, e koahetsoe ka mokhoa o fapaneng, e soeufala karolong eo. 'Mampuli oa kantle o khuts'oane, kahare ke bolelele. Tatso e ntle ebile e ntle. Tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa 2.0 - 3.8 kg / m².

Palo ea pele Gribovsky 147

E khothalletsoa tšebeliso e ncha. Pele e butsoitse. Rosette ea makhasi e ts'oarehile, e holisitsoe hantle. Makhasi a manyane, a pota-potile, a putsoa, ​​a koaheletsoe ka lehare le boreleli, le boreleli ebile le bokhutšoaane hanyane qetellong.

Hlooho ea hop e chitja kapa e chitja, e boreleli. Poker e ka hare e khuts'oane. Kotulo ea Khoebo 2,5 - 6.7 kg / m².

Kotulo ea Gribovsky ea mefuta e fapaneng e batla e le 7 kg

Polar K 206

Ho khothalletsoa tlhahiso ea pele lehlabuleng la Siberia le Urals, le Leboea le Holimo, ho ekelletsa moo, ho khethoa le ka bongata bo fokolang bakeng sa polokelo e ncha ho fihlela ka Pherekhong.. Bohareng pele. Makhasi a sephara, a botala bo bosoeu, a koaheletsoe ka boea, a koahehile hanyane, hanyane a tlosoa moleng.

Hlooho ea hop e chitja kapa e chitja-sephakeng, e pakeng. Poker ea kahare ea bolelele bo mahareng. Latsoang litholoana tse ntle tsa Commodity 3.4 - 6.6 kg / m².

Sauerkraut mefuta ea Polar K 206 e khothaletsoa hore e lengoe Siberia le Urals

Belorussia 455

Ho khothalletsoa tšebeliso e ncha, bakeng sa ho khaola le ho boloka nako e khuts'oanyane. Nako e bohareng. Rosette ea makhasi e holisitsoe, e mahareng ka boholo. Makhasi a na le boholo bo bohareng, ho tloha botala bo botala ho ea ho botala bo lefifi, bo boreleli, bo bosesane hanyane moeling.

Hlooho ea hop e boholo bo bohareng, bo botala, bo botenya, bo soeufala ka karolo. Poker e ka hare e khuts'oane, ea kantle ke ea bolelele bo mahareng. Kotulo ea Khoebo 4.7 - 7.8 kg / m².

K'habeche ea Belarusi ea nako e telele e ka belisoa 'me e sa bolokoe nako e telele

Gloria

Ho khothalletsoa tšebeliso e ncha, bakeng sa monko. Nako e bohareng. Rosette ea makhasi a phahamisitsoeng ka boholo bo lekanang. Makhasi a boholo bo mahareng, botala bo botala bo boputsoa bo loileng, bo koahelang hanyane ka hanyane.

Hlooho e pota-potile, e koahetsoe ka mokhoa o fapaneng, e soeufala karolong eo. Poker e ka hare e khuts'oane, ea kantle ke ea bolelele bo mahareng. Tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa 4.8 - 5.7 kg / m².

Makhasi a khabisitsoeng a Gloria - botala-botala, bo koaheletsoeng ka koating

Khanya ea 1305

Mefuta e sa tsoaneng ke ea selemo se bohareng. Ho khothalletsoa tšebeliso e ncha le ho khaola. Rosette ea makhasi a holisitsoe. Makhasi a na le boholo bo bohareng, bo botala bo botala bo botala bo botala bo botala bo loileng bo nang le koae e koahelehileng ka boea, bo khothetse hantle, bo koahelehile ka kotloloho.

Bohloko ba lihlooho ke bohareng le bo boholo, bo pota-potile ebile bo botenya. Poker e ka hare e bolelele bo bolelele, e kantle e khuts'oane. Kotulo ea Khoebo 5.7 - 9.3 kg / m².

Boholo ba hop ea hop hop Slava - e bohareng ho isa ho e meholo

Rinda

Ho khothalletsoa tšebeliso e ncha le ho khaola. Nako e bohareng. Rosette ea makhasi e na le halofo e phahamisitsoeng, e tiile. Hlooho ea hop e pota-potile, e botenya, e tšoeu bosoha karolong eo. Tatso e monate. Basomi ba kantle le ba ka hare ba bokhutšoanyane. Tlhahiso 9.0 - 9.1 kg / m².

Rinda hop e monate haholo

Lihekthere tsa khauta 1432

Mefuta e sa tsoaneng e mahareng pele. E khothalletsoa tšebeliso e ncha.. Rosette ea makhasi e ts'oarehile, e holisitsoe hantle. Makhasi a manyane, a chitja ebile a oval, a putsoa bo botala, a koaheletsoe ka boea bo loileng, a boreleli, a ea ohla hanyane ka thoko.

Hlooho ea hop e chitja, e nyane ho isa bohareng, ha e teteane haholo. Li-pokers tse ka hare le tse kantle li khuts'oane. Tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa 5.0 - 8.5 kg / m².

Hekare ea Medi--grade ea bohareng e fa lihlooho tsa hop tse nyane le tse mahareng

Mohatelli

Metsoako e bohareng ba morao. E khothalletsoa tšebeliso e ncha, bakeng sa ho khaola le ho boloka nako e khuts'oanyane.. Rosette ea makhasi a holisitsoe. Makhasi a na le boholo bo bohareng, bo botala bo botala bo botala bo bosootho bo loileng, bo loileng bo nang le boea, bo bokhutšoaane hanyane, hanyane bohloeng.

Hlooho ea hop e boholo bo bohareng, e boreleli, e koahetsoe, e boreleli ebile e soeufala ka karolo. Latsoang hantle. Tlhahiso 5.0 - 8.0 kg / m².

Hop Aggressor - mahareng morao tjena mefuta e sa tsoaneng

Megaton

Metsoako e bohareng ba morao. Ho khothalletsoa tšebeliso e ncha le ho khaola. Rosette ea makhasi a koetehileng ho isa halofong e kholo, e kholo. Lekhasi le leholo, le boreleli, le boreleli, le boputsoa bo bofubelu ka 'mala, le koaheletsoe ka boea, bo bokhutšoaane hanyane le hanyane.

Hlooho ea hop e chitja, e koaheletsoe hantle, e boreleli ebile e boreleli. Poker e ka hare e khuts'oane. Latsoang botle le ho hlaka. Kotulo ea Khoebo 5.9 - 9.4 g / m².

Tlhahiso ea hop Megaton - ho feta 9 kg

Mpho

Ho khothalletsoa tšebeliso e ncha le ho khaola. Metsoako e bohareng ba morao. Rosette ea makhasi e holisitsoe ka halofo, e bohareng. Makhasi a na le boholo bo bohareng, bo botenya ho pota-pota, bo botala bo botala ka mmala, ka koae e nang le waxy, e tšekalla hanyane moeling.

Hlooho ea hop e boholo bo bohareng, e chitja ho pota-pota, e boreleli. Barekisi ba kantle le ba kahare ba bolelele bo bolelele. Tatso e monate. Kotulo ea Khoebo 5.8 - 9.1 g / m².

Phapang e mahareng a mahareng e khothaletsoa tšebeliso e ncha le ho khaola

Amager 611

Mefuta e tala ea morao-rao. E khothalletsoa ho boloka mariha. Rosette ea makhasi a mahareng ka bohareng, a sephara a hasane, a makhasi a holileng. Makhasi a boholo bo bohareng, oval. Makhasi a makhasi a sefahleho a kharaletse ka thata. Bokaholimo ba makhasi bo boreleli kapa bo loile hanyane, bo botala bo botala bo bosootho bo loileng, bo nang le koae e matla ea waxy.

Limela tsa Amager li lieha ho mela

Atria

Mefuta e tala ea morao-rao. E khothalletsoa ho boloka mariha. Rosette ea makhasi a boholo bo bohareng, e nang le makhasi a phahamisitsoeng halofo. Makhasi a boholo bo bohareng, a oval, a concave ka matla. Bokaholimo ba makhasi bo boreleli kapa bo bopehile hanyane, 'mala o botala bo botala, bo koaheletsoeng ka matla.

Hlooho ea hop e boholo bo itekanetseng, bo botala, bo bulehileng le halofo. Kocheryga e phahame ka ntle, 'me kahare e khuts'oane. Latsoang botle le ho hlaka. Tlhahiso 3.5 - 10.5 g / m².

Atria hop e khothalletsoa ho boloka mariha

Mariha

Mefuta e tala ea morao-rao. E khothalletsoa ho boloka mariha le ts'ebeliso e ncha ho tsoa halofo ea bobeli ea mariha. Rosette ea makhasi a boholo bo bohareng, e nang le makhasi a phahamisitsoeng halofo. Makhasi a na le mebala e meholo, e chitja, e botala bo botala ka mmala, e koaheletsoeng ka boea bo matla.

Hlooho ea hop e boholo bo bohareng, e chitja, e boreleli. Poker ea kahare ea bolelele bo mahareng. Latsoang hantle. Tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa 4.5 - 5.3 g / m².

Zimovka ea mefuta e sa tsoakoeng haholo e ka jeoa ho tloha halofo ea bobeli ea mariha

Bahale ba bararo

Meketso ea ripate ea morao. E khothalletsoa ho boloka mariha le ho e sebelisa ka mokhoa o khethiloeng.

Li-heroes tse tharo li ka bolokoa mariha kaofela

Litlhahlobo

Semela Atria le Kilaton bakeng sa polokelo.

tep

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Atria - k'habeche ea ka eo ke e ratang, ke tla lema sehla sa bohlano, e bolokiloe ka mokhoa o phethahetseng, e lero, e tsoekere, e leng ho makatsang bakeng sa mefuta e nang le boleng bo botle ba ho boloka. Ka bomalimabe, thepa ea eona e itšetlehile haholo ho moetsi.

Tšepo AA

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Ke lema Megaton, Kilaton le Liatlelete tse tharo. K'habeche e ntle haholo.

LIBER COMME LE VENT

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Ke lekile mefuta e fapaneng ea hop e tšoeu: SB-3, Megaton, matsal'ae, Rinda F1 le ba bang.Haholo-holo ke ne ke rata Rinda F1 (letoto la maDutch) le ho tloha pejana Nozomi F1 (letoto la Majapane). Ho molemo hore re se ke ra nka lipeo tsa rona tsa poone e nyalisitsoeng, ha li ka tsa mela ho nna (lipeo tsa Altai, Euroseeds).

krv

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Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea hop e tšoeu e makatsang. Tlhahiso, sehlahisoa le litšobotsi tsa temo li u lumella ho lema lijalo libakeng tsohle tsa Russia.