Kamehla nama e entsoeng ka maiketsetso e nkoa e le ea bohlokoa ho feta sehlahisoa se rekiloeng, haholo-holo ka lebaka la tšobotsi ea sona e phahameng le e bitsang melemo ea bophelo bo botle ba batho.
Bahoai ba hahang khoebo ea bona ea likhomo ba khetha ho etsa khetho ea bona bakeng sa mehlape ea likhomo ba le maemo a phahameng a ho ikamahanya le maemo a sa tšoaneng a mocheso le tlhahiso e ntle.
Mefuta ea likhomo tsa Hereford ka sebele e ka bitsoa sehlopha sena.
Histori ea mefuta ea Hereford
Metso ea likhomo tsa cowford tsa Hereford li simoloha UK. Ka lekhetlo la pele namane ea mefuta ena e hlahile ka XVIIIthong ea Senyesemane ea Herefordshire, ka lebaka la bohato ba batho ba lihlahisoa ba ileng ba etsa qeto ea ho ntlafatsa mmele le tlhahiso ea likhomo tsa moo.
Maamerika a ile a etsa mosebetsi o moholo e le hore a tlise mofuta ona ho boemo bo teng hona joale.
Ka lebaka la ketsahalo ena, likhomo tsa Hereford li fumane molao-motheo o matla, boima ba mesifa e tsotehang le bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho ikamahanya le maemo a leholimo.
Litšobotsi tsena li ba thusitse hore li ratoe lefatšeng ka bophara - ho tloha Leboea le Amerika Boroa ho ea Afrika le Australia.
Ba ile ba tlisoa naheng ea habo rona mehleng ea Soviet Union, pele ho qhoma ha ntoa ea 1941-1945.
Ponahalo ea likhomo le lipoho
Likamore tsa Hereford li khetholloa ka mamello e ntle, mamella ho qeta nako e telele ho se na mathata.
Ponahalo ea liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng e tsoteha haholo..
Ka lebaka la likhomo tsa bona tse boima, tse maholo le mesifa, likhomo tsa Hereford li hlahella haholo ka lebaka la semelo sa likhomo tsa mefuta e meng.
Li tsejoa habonolo ka lintlha tse latelang:
- ngoe le e 'ngoe le e matla,' mala o motala; molala o khutšoanyane;
- linaka - tse khutšoanyane, tse tšoeu, lipheletsong - tse lefifi, tse emang le ka thōko;
- 'Mala o na le bofubelu bo bofubelu, empa nko, molomo, o pona, molala, molaleng, mpa le sesepa mohatla o tšoeu;
- 'mele ke squat le nako e telele, litlhoko tsa letlalo li teteaneng;
- maoto a khutšoanyane a bile a tsitsitse;
- ho bola ka basali - bonolo.
Kajeno, mefuta ea likhomo tsa Hereford ke e 'ngoe ea tse tloaelehileng lefatšeng. Sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore lintho tsa bona ha li hloke boiteko bo matla le litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa lichelete.
Li joalo phela lilemo tse 15-18, tse khetholloang ke kgolo e potlakileng le boikokobetso lijong. E 'ngoe hape e kholo - e tlisa bana ba phetseng hantle.
Litšobotsi
Mekhoa ea likhomo ea Hereford e khetholloa ka litekanyo tse hlollang:
- kholo liphoofolo tse kholo - tse ka holimo ho 130 cm;
- sefubelu girth: li-heifers - 190-195 cm, bullheads - 210-215 cm;
- boima: Li-heifers - 550-700 lik'hilograma (UK - ho fihlela ho 850 kg), poho - 850-1000 lik'hilograma (ho fihlela ho 1300 lik'hilograma - UK).
Manamane a tsoaloa a boima ba lik'hilograma tse 25-28 (li-heifer) le 28-34 lik'hilograma (bullheads). Molao-motheo o motle oa likhomo o tlatsetsa habonolo oa ho bokella, ka hona ho fokotsa ho shoa ha manamane a sa tsoa tsoaloa ka bonyane.
Ba hōla ka potlako 'me ba nona hantle. Ha selemo se le selemo, motho e motšehali o boima ba lik'hilograma tse 290, e le e motona - 340 lik'hilograma (ka mafura a mangata le ho isa lik'hilograma tse 400). Ho feta likhoeli tse 6 tse latelang, ba eketsa ka lik'hilograma tse ling tse 100.
Hlokomela: Li-Herefords ke mefuta ea nama, ka hona, mofuta ona oa likhomo ha o hlahise lebese le fetang 1100 - 1200 lebese ka selemo.Joaloka busa, likhomo tsena ha li etsoe, lebese le e-ea ho fepa manamane, a hōlileng ka ho hatisoa ha sebete.
Khomo ea khomo ea Hereford e bohlokoa haholo marakeng oa bareki ka lebaka la litšoaneleho tse phahameng: ke "marble", lero, le bonolo, le nang le phepo le e phahameng-k'halori. Li-fiber li na le sebopeho se tšesaane, mocheso o nang le mafura ka har'a sona o arohane.
Liphoofolo tse kholo li romeloa ho ea polao. Boima boima, e amoheletsoeng ke hlooho e le 'ngoe ea likhomo, e ka bang 82-84%, sehlahisoa sa polao - 58-70%.
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Setšoantšo sa mekhoa ea khomo ea Hereford:
Tlhokomelo le tlhokomelo
Nahana ka lintlha tsena tse peli tsa bohlokoa ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang e le hore babalisi ba li-novice ba etse ntho e nepahetseng ka mokhoa o nepahetseng.
Litlhoko tsa ho boloka likhomo tsa mefuta ea Hereford ke tse itekanetseng ka ho fetisisa.
Hlokomela: kamore eo monafords e phelang ho eona e lokela ho ba e omileng le e hloekileng. Liphoofolo tsa mofuta ona li lumellana le maemo a leholimo a matla ka ho fetisisa, leha ho le joalo, litšoantšo li ka ba utloisa bohloko.
Beng ba matlo ba lokela ho hlokomela mekhahlelo eohle ea molikong e ne e tiisitsoe. Liphoofolo li lokela ho ba le monyetla oa ho fumana metsi le lijo, ka hona, ba fanang ka metsi ba lokela ho kenngoa bohareng ba molikong.
Boemo bo hlokahalang - boteng ba lekhulo le leholo. Ha ho utloise bohloko ho haha lipene tse arohileng tsa basali ka manamane le li-stalls bakeng sa manamane a seng a hōlile.
Tokisetso e tla ba ho hahoa kamore e khethehileng bakeng sa likhomo tse moimana. Ba tlise moo ho lokela ho ba le matsatsi a seng makae pele ho tsoaloa ha namane, 'me ka mor'a ho khaola, ba lokela ho lula moo ka beke e' ngoe.
Matla
Ho boloka likhomo tsa Hereford ho hloka chelete beng ba eona haholo. Lijo tsa bona tsa letsatsi le letsatsi li na le furu e kopantsoeng le harese e silafalitsoeng le e bonolo.
Hlokomela: likhomo tse nang le manamane li lokela ho fumana phepo e khethehileng, hobane matla le matla a mangata a sebelisoa ho fepa lesea ka popelong.
Lenane la likhomo le lokela ho ba le silage, lijo tse omeletseng le liaparo tsa bohlokoa tsa diminerale.
Manamane a sa tsoa tsoaloa a ja lebese la 'mè, leo a lokelang ho le fumana lihora tse pele tse 1.5 ka mor'a hore a hlahe. Kamora 'libeke tse peli, lijo tsa bona li ka qala ho khutsuoa ka furu., ebe butle-butle ho kenyelletsa ho eona lero le ho tsepamisa mohopolo (qetellong ea tsohle) ho fepa.
Namane e lutse ho 'mè ka nako ea halofo ea selemo, ebe e tlosoa ho tswa ho mope ebe e fetisetsoa setulong se le seng. Mokhoa oa lipoho o lokela ho ba le furu, lijo tse phethehileng le tse monate. Ke ea bohlokoa mme ho hlokahala hore u kenye phosphorus, khalsiamo le liprotheine ho eona.
Maloetse
Mefuta ea likhomo mona Hereford tse khetholloang ka bophelo bo botle haholoka hona, ts'ebetso ea baemeli ba eona ke ntho e sa tloaelehang haholo.
Ho qoba sena, beng ka sebele ba tla hlokomela maemo a nepahetseng ka molikong.
Ho tsoala melao
Likhomo tse hlahisang Hereford tsa bohlale bo khethehileng ha li fapane. Karolong ea lihlahisoa tsa liphoofolo tse ruiloeng, ho hlokahala hore ho fane ka li-Herefords le maemo a hlokahalang a bolulo le phepo e nepahetseng, ho kenyeletsa lintho tse hlokahalang haholo likarolong tse itseng tsa bophelo ba bona.
Hlokomela: Haeba ho hlokahala hore ho boloke bohloeki ba Herefords le litšoaneleho tsa bona, ho tšela ha batho ka bomong ho lokela ho etsoa feela ka har'a mefuta e fanoeng.
Liphoofolo tsa mofuta oa khomo li na le matla 'me li fetisetsoa molokong o tlang oa likhomo.
Litsebi li sebelisa tšobotsi ena ha Herefords e tšela le mefuta e meng ea mefuta e meng.
Mefuta ea likhomo ea Hereford e iponahalitse khoebong ea kajeno ea liphoofolo.
Boitsebiso bo se nang boikemisetso, mamello e babatsehang le nama ea boleng bo phahameng e entse hore Herefords e be e 'ngoe ea mefuta e ratoang haholo ea likhomo.
