Likhoho li bolokoa le ho hōlisoa ka bobeli lapeng le lirapeng, ho tsebahala ha mofuta ona oa ketsahalo ho bakoa ke taba ea hore e na le chelete e ngata haholo ebile e na le melemo, e u nolofalletsa ho fumana nama e ncha le ea boleng bo phahameng, mahe bakeng sa tšebeliso ea botho le ho tsamaisoa ka bongata marakeng, mabenkeleng .
Kaha lihoai li kopanela lihoai, li tobana le 'nete ea hore linonyana li tšoaetsoa ke maloetse a sa tšoaneng, tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa ke maloetse a tšoaetsanoang, e leng se bakelang tšoaetso feela linonyana tse kotsing ea lefu lena, empa le ho batho. Ka lebaka leo, ho hlokahala hore u tsebe matšoao a maholo, lihlopha tse kotsi, likokoana-hloko, mehato ea thibelo le kalafo ea lefu lena le kotsi le tšoaetsanoang joaloka kankere ea kana.
Ke likhoho tse tšoaetsanoang tsa bronchitis?
Lefu la tšoaetsanoang (IB, Infectious bronchitis, Bronchitis infectiosa avium) ke lefu le tšoaetsanoang haholo la kokoana-hloko e amang likarolo tsa ho hema ho bacha, litho tsa botona le linonyana tse kholo, le ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea likhoho tse khōlō le mahe.
Tlaleho ea histori
Boloetse bo tšoaetsanoang, lefu la ho hema, le ile la qala ho aroloa le ho hlalosoa Schalk le Haun ka 1930 USA (North Dakota), empa ha ba e-s'o qale sesosa sa lefu lena la linonyana ka kokoana-hloko le causative agent.
Lithuto tsa Bucnell le Brandi, tse entsoeng ka 1932, li bontšitse hore moemeli oa causative ke kokoana-hloko e hloekisang.
Lefu lena le atile haholo mapolasing a linaha tse sa tšoaneng, ho tloha ka 1950 kokoana-hloko ea bronchitis e fihlile linaheng tse nang le lihoai tse tsoetseng pele: Italy, Austria, Norway, Belgium, Denmark, Argentina, Brazil, Greece, India, Sweden, Poland, Netherlands, Egypt, Spain, Romania , Switzerland.
Tšoaetso e ile ea tlisoa USSR ka likhoho tse kenngoeng., ho hlahisa likhoho le li-turkeys, mahe. Ha a le bonngoeng, Sotnikov o ile a fumana lefu lena ka 1955, ea ileng a bona bana ba lefshoa mahe a tsoang linaheng tse ling. Tlaleho ea pele ea tšoaetso likhoebong tsa indasteri e etsahetse ka 1968.
Liphoofolo tsa Orpington ke baeta-pele ba nama nama Russia. Ponahalo ea bona e itlhalosa.Sehoai leha e le sefe sa likhoho ha se batle ho kopana le coccidiosis likhoho. Haeba u thahasella boloetse bona, joale u teng.
Ho ile ha thehoa phapang pakeng tsa lipolotiki pakeng tsa likokoana-hloko ka 1957. Qalong, mefuta e 2 feela e ne e khetholloa.
Ea pele e ne e le mofuta oa Massachusetts, setšoantšo sa oona se neng se le tšoaetso ea mafu a tšoaetsanoang, se ile sa abeloa Roekel ka 1941. Libukeng tsena, mofuta ona o bontšoa tlas'a lebitso Bv-41, M-41. Mofuta oa bobeli oa kokoana-hloko ke Connecticut, e fumanoeng ke Junger ka 1950.
Ke mang ea amehang haholo?
Batho ba lilemo tsohle ba ka hlaseloa ke lefu la tšoaetso, empa likhoho tse ka tlase ho lilemo tsa 20-30 li utloa bohloko ka ho fetisisa.
Mohloli o ka sehloohong oa lefu lena ke likhoho tse kulang le linonyana tse 'nileng tsa e-ba le lefu lena, ke bajari ba kokoana-hloko ka matsatsi a ka bang 100.
Virusi ea brronchitis e fetisetsoa liphoofolong tse nang le marotholi, mathe, metsi a tsoang mahlong le nko, le peo ea peo.
Lefu la kokoana-hloko le fetisitsoe ka katleho 'me ka tsela e tloaelehileng le ntse le ata ka matlo a likhoho, metsi, lijo, likhutsana, linoho, lintho tsa tlhokomelo, liaparo tsa lihoai, liphahlo.
Batho ba boetse ba hlaseloa ke kokoana-hloko ea bronchitis 'me ba jara lefu lena.
Ho phatloha ha bronchitis likhoho hangata ho hlokomeloa nakong ea selemo le lehlabula. Hangata, bronchitis e tšoaetsanoang e hlaha le mafu a mang a likokoana-hloko le a baktheria.
Likhoho tse nang le kokoana-hloko ea bronchitis li fetoha sesole sa 'mele, empa ha ho lumellane mabapi le nako ea eona. Nonyana ena e ba le tšusumetso e matla ea ho boela e e-na le bothata bo bobe ba bronchitis. Li-antibodies li thehoa 'meleng oa likhoho ka letsatsi la leshome' me palo ea tsona e eketseha ho fihlela matsatsi a 36.
Tekano ea kotsi le ho senya kotsi
Tšoaetso e isa lefung la likhoho, litšenyehelo tsa bohlokoa tsa lichelete, ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea likhoho, hape e kotsi le ho batho.
Bakeng sa bana, kokoana-hloko e kotsi ka ho fetisisa, lefu le hlaha likampong tse 60%.
Likhoho tse kulang li feptjoa hantle, bakeng sa lits'ilo tse 1 tsa boima bo boima, sesebelisoa sa phepo se eketseha ka 1 kilogram, ka lebaka la hore likhoho tse joalo li kokotseha ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e tlaase. Mahe a behang a behileng likhoho tse kulang ha aa lokela ho sebelisoa le ho senngoa.
Likokoana-hloko
IBK e baka lisele tsa RNA Coronavirus avia (Coronavirus).
Boholo ba virion ke 67-130 nm. Virion e kenella ho pholletsa le libaka tsohle tsa Berkefeld, Seitz, li-filter, tse nang le sebopeho se pota-potileng kapa sebopeho se seholo, se fanoe ka ho hōla (bophahamo ba 22 nm) le ho qetela ho tebileng ho etsang hore ho be le khoeli.
Likaroloana tsa virion li hlophisitsoe ka ketane kapa sehlopha, ka linako tse ling membrane ea bona e bonahala.
Russia, kokoana-hloko e nang le kamano e matla ea antigen le Massachusetts, Connecticut le Iowa e tloaelehile.
Lefu la kokoana-hloko e thibela haholo maemo a tlhaho:
- ka matlo a likhoho, litter, li-perche, likotlolo tsa ho noa, li-feeders li phela ho fihlela ho matsatsi a 90;
- linthong tsa linonyana tse glycerin, li phela matsatsi a ka bang 80.
Ha e le 16 ° C, ka maqhubu a likhoho, kokoana-hloko ea IBC e phela matsatsi a 12, ka har'a khetla ea mahe ka metsing - ho fihlela ho matsatsi a leshome, leqhoeng la mahe ka har'a li-incubator - ho fihlela ho lihora tse 8. Lefu la IBP le phela lihora tse 11 mocheso oa motsoako metsi. Viralone ea brronchitis ka metsi a embrone ka 32 ° C e phela matsatsi a 3, ka 25 ° C - 24, ho -25 ° C - 536, ka -4 ° C - 425.
Maemong a batang, kokoana-hloko e fela, empa ha e e ame hampe. Empa mocheso o phahameng ho fapana le o senya tšoaetso, ka hona ha o halefile ho 56 ° C, o timetsoa ka metsotso e 15. Lefu lena ha le sebelisoe likarolong tse ngata, le atisa ho emisa mahe.
Lefu lena le bolaoa ke liphello tsa tharollo:
- 3% ea soda e chesang - ka lihora tse 3;
- lime chlorine tse nang le 6% chlorine - lihora tse 6;
- 0.5% formaldehyde - lihora tse 3
Tsela le matšoao
Matšoao a fapana pakeng tsa batho ba baholo le ba baholo. Likhoho li ile tsa hlokomela:
- ho thata ho hema;
- ho khohlela;
- wheezing;
- phefumoloho e khutšoanyane;
- ho sneezing;
- ho kopana;
- mathata a ho ja;
- emaciation;
- ho ruruha ha libe tse tlas'a mahlo;
- ho tšoha;
- molala o khopameng;
- e theola mapheo.
Matšoao ho batho ba baholo:
- litara tse tala;
- lehe le na le likhetla tse bonolo, tse senyehang habonolo;
- lehe le behiloeng;
- wheezing;
- ho tšoha;
- ho hula maoto;
- marotholi a thellang;
- ho hemorrhages ka trachea le bronchi.
Ho fihlela ho 50% ea likhoho tse kulang li ka beha mahe a nang le lime-build-up, 25% ka shell e bonolo le e tšesaane, mme 20% ba na le boima ba protheine ea diphtherite.
E ka totobatsa 3 syndromes tse kholo tsa klinikie hlahang ka khanyang e tšoaetsanoang likhoho:
- Ho phefumoloha. Likhoho li na le matšoao a tsona: ho khohlela, ho phefumoloha ho thata, ho ba le mekhoa e metle, sinusitis, ho hlaphoheloa ke masapo, rhinitis, khatello ea lesea, ho reka haufi le mohloli oa mocheso, lisele matšoafong a koaletsoeng, catarrhal kapa serous exudate ka trachea le bronchi.
- Nephros-nephritic. Ha ho e-na le li-autopsy, ho ruruha, ho feto-fetoha ha liphio tsa liphio tsa likhoho li bonahala. Bakeng sa likhoho tse kulang, ho tepella maikutlong le letšollo tse nang le likarolo tsa urate ke tšobotsi.
- Ho ikatisa. E etsahala ho batho ba baholo (likhoeli tse fetang tse tšeletseng). E khetholloa ka ho ba sieo ha liphatlalatso tsa lefu lena kapa litho tsa phefumoloho li ameha hanyane.
Pontšo feela eo ho ka khonehang ho e fumana setsing sa lefu lena la meriana eo khōba e kulang ke ea nako e telele ea tlhahiso ea tlhahiso ea lehe, ho fihlela ho 80%. Mahe a ka ba a holofetseng, a le bonolo-a sireletsehile, a sa sebetse hantle, a na le protheine ea metsi.
Diagnostics
Ho lemoha ho rarahane, ho nahanela matšoao 'ohle, data (meriana, epizootological le likokoana-hloko).
E boetse e hlahloba setšoantšo sa kakaretso ea litliniki, liphetoho tsohle tse etsahalang 'meleng oa batho ba kulang, li etsoa lithuto tsa serolo le tsa lirological.
Ho e-na le hoo ho thata ho tseba hore na IBC ke efe, hobane matšoao a tšoanang a hlokomeloa le mafu a mang (laryngotracheitis, sekholopane, lefu la mycoplasmosis, mafu a tšoaetsanoang, lefu la Newcastle).
Ha ho na le lefu la ho ikatisa, matšoao leha e le afe a sa fumanehe, kahoo ho hlokahala hore u etse lipatlisiso ka laboratori.
Lintho tsa lipatlisiso:
- ho phatloha ho tloha ho trachea le lerako-lits'etsing tse phelang;
- matšoafo, li-scrapings tsa litsiko, li-trachea, liphio, li-oviducts - linonyana tse shoeleng;
- seramu ea mali e nkiloeng libeke tse ling le tse ling tse peli.
Ka lithuto tsa seroloji tse entsoeng:
- ho se nke lehlakore ka li-embryos (PH); tlhahlobo e sa tobang ea ho hlahisa li-hemagglutination (RGA);
- mokhoa oa antio-fluorescent;
- li-enzyme tse amanang le immunosorbent assay (ELISA);
- ho ithuta mekhoa ea limolek'hule ea likokoana-hloko e sebelisang PCR.
Kalafo le mehato ea thibelo
Litho tsa mapolasi moo ho nang le tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko ea IBV, mekhoa e joalo ea phekolo le mehato e thibelang e etsoa:
- likhoho li bolokiloe likamoreng tse mofuthu, li tloaeletsa phapanyetsano ea moea, li felisa lirapa tsa likhoho, li boloka mongobo-maemo a mocheso ka likamoreng.
- ho thibela tšoaetso ea bobeli.
- Li-vithamine le microelements li kenngoa metsing le ho fepa.
- qeta ho se ts'oaetso kamehla sebaka ka thuso ea litokisetso tse kang: chlorospidar, gluteks, kokoana-hloko ea C, aluminium iodide, tharollo ea Lugol.
Disinfection e etsoa ka makhetlo a mabeli ka beke ka pel'a likhoho tse nang le sodium hypochlorite (2% e sebetsang ka chlorine). Marako le lisebelisoa tsa likhoho tsa likhoho, li-pouch, li-cage tseo ho tsona liloko tse kulang li bolokiloeng li bolokiloe li-disinfected ka pel'a linonyana tse nang le hydrogen peroxide (3%).
Serimo sa naha se lokela ho alafshoa ka matsatsi a supileng ka alkali ea caustic (3% tharollo) tharollo ea formalin (1%).
- ente ea ente ka liente tse phelang le tse sa sebetseng. E etsoa matsatsing a pele a bophelo, e tsosang tšireletso ea nako e telele khahlanong le kokoana-hloko.
Liente tse pheta-phetoang li etsoa libeke tse ling le tse ling tse 4. Ha ho etsoa ente, ho hlokahala hore u latele melao le litekanyetso tsohle, hobane tšebeliso ea ente e mengata e ka lebisa sinusitis, li-secretions tsa mucous, li-rhinitis likhoho.
- khaotsa ho romela mahe, mahe a emmou, likhoho tse phelang ho mapolasi a mang, mapolasi.
- linonyana tse kulang li arohane le ho phela hantle.
- ho rekisoa ha nama, ho fofa, masiba bakeng sa lijo le ho rekisoa ho etsoa feela ka mor'a hore motho a se ke a tšoaetsoa ke lefu.
- emisa ho tsuba ka likhoeli tse peli.
- likhoho tse lahlehileng li bolaoa le ho lahloa.
- fokotsa ho kopana ha likhoho tsa pele le ea bobeli, hammoho le likhoho le likhoho tse kholo.
Likhoho Bielefelder li ile tsa hapa lipelo tsa lihoai tse ngata tsa likhoho. Mefuta ena e ntle ebile e hlahisa litholoana.U ka bala ka laryngotracheitis likhoho mona: //selo.guru/ptitsa/kury/bolezni/k-virusnye/laringotraheit.html.
'Me hona mona u na le monyetla oa ho ithuta lisebelisoa tsa pholiso tsa liente tsa lekhala.
Lefu lena la linonyana le nang le lefu la tšoaetso le tšoaetsanoang, le baka tšenyo ea likhoho tsa likhoho le mapolasing, nama le indasteri ea lehe, e lebisa hoketseho ea palo ea batho ba shoang le bana ba baholo, e fokotsa tlhahiso ea lehe le behiloeng, e beha batho kotsi.
E le ho thibela tšoaetso le ho felisa tšoaetso, ho lokela ho nkoa mehato e fapaneng ea phekolo ea meriana, e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke ho thibela moloko o monyenyane ho eketsa tšoaetso ea mafu le ho fokotsa kotsi ea maloetse.
Lefu la nonyana ha lea lokela ho qalloa le ho siuoa ka tšohanyetso, hobane ha le phekole ka mokhoa oa eona o tsoetseng pele, le isa lefung la linonyana le ho fokotsa mokhoa oa moruo oa mapolasi a likhoho.
