Strawberry ke setso sa serapeng se tummeng har'a balemi ba lirapa. Monokotšoai o jeoa o le setala, o sebelisetsoa ho etsa lijo tse tsoekere. Mophato ka mong o na le litšobotsi tse ikhethang. Litšobotsi tse ka sehloohong ke nako ea ho butsoa, tekanyo ea tsoekere sebopeho, le ho hanyetsa mafu a tšoaetsanoang.
Fusarium wilting, kapa grey bola ke ts'oaetso ea mafu a tšoaetsanoang e amang mefuta e mengata ea fragole. Ntho ea bohlokoa haholo ke boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa ho jala. Ho hlokomoloha mekhoa ea thibelo pele u jala ho ka lebisa tšoaetsong ea limela tse phetseng hantle le sekoahelo sa mobu. Haeba ho se na bonnete ba hore peo e fetile taolong ea bohloeki, ba tla tlameha ho hloekisoa ka malapeng. Ho bonolo ho thibela mafu ho fapana le ho a phekola. Ho hlokomoloha matšoao a tšoaetso ho ka lebisa lefung la semela sohle sa fragola.
Lisosa le Matšoao a Strawberry Fusarium
Fusarium oxysporum ke eona sesosa sa Fusarium, e hlahisitsoeng nakong ea mocheso. Ha a se a lahlile kalafo, selemi se kotsing ea ho lahleheloa ke karolo e kholo ea sejalo. Tlhokomelo e khethehileng e lokela ho lefshoa libakeng tseo mobu o nang le acidity e phahameng, mongobo o feteletseng le sebopeho se sa lokelang.
Meroho e metala e thibetsoe ka thata ho lema libakeng tse tlase.
Lisosa tse susumetsang tse tebileng tsa fusariosis ke:
- ho hloka molao ha ho nosetsa;
- tšebeliso ea menontsha, e kenyeletsang chlorine;
- thickening ea landings.
Ka ho fusarium wilting, lihlahla li amehile ka botlalo. Taba ea pele, matšoao a lefu lena a hlaha karolong e ka tlase ea semela, ebe makhasi a teng holim'a mathata a holimo.
Mohloli oa tšoaetso e ka ba mobu, lipeo, mofoka hammoho le limela tse lenngoeng haufi le fragole.
Re lokela ho tseba hore fungus ea fungus, e le mobung, e lula e sebetsa lilemo tse ngata.
Fusarium wilting ea fragole e tšoauoa ka matšoao a latelang:
- matheba a sootho makhasi;
- necrosis ea boima ba botala;
- phetoho ea moriti oa antennae le letlobo;
- lejoe le lesoeu;
- ho haella ha monokotsoai o butsoitseng;
- ho omisa le ho fifatsa tsamaiso ea metso.
Boemong ba ho qetela ba Fusarium, sehlahla se aha le ho senya monokotsoai. Lihlahla li shoa likhoeli tse 1.5 kamora ho hlaha ha lipontšo tsa pele. Ho tseba mofuta oa pathogen, ho etsoa liteko tsa laboratori. Mokhoa ona o nkuoa o nepahetse haholo.
Mehato ea thibelo
Ho thibela ponahalo ea fusarium wilting, ho hlokahala:
- fumana peo e phetseng hantle feela;
- khetha mefuta, u shebane le maemo a leholimo le a mobu;
- hlokomela lijalo tse potolohileng. Sebaka sa ho lema fragole se hloka ho fetoloa lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 6-7;
- etsa nosetso ea mobu pele o jala lijalo tsa jareteng;
- lokolla khafetsa le fragole ea metsi;
- manyolo a tlang ka nako le mofoka;
- loantša likokoanyana.
Kotsi ea ho theha fusarium e fokotseha ka potasiamo oxide le lime. Balemi ba lirapa ba nang le boiphihlelo ba koahela lema ka filimi ea vinyl. E lokela ho ba opaque.
Ho reka mefuta e nyalisitsoeng ea mofuta o tsoang kantle ho naha ho tla bitsa chelete e ngata haholo. Ntle le monyetla o joalo, balemi ba lirapa ba bolaea meriana e lihlahla. Ho etsa sena, sebelisa litlhare tse latelang:
- Agate-25K;
- Fitosporin-M;
- Humorate potasiamo;
- Baktofit;
- Boholo.
Mobu o khetholloang ke boemo ba acidity bo eketsehileng o tlameha ho hloahloa. Mokhoa ona o thusa ho tlosa hlobo. Haeba Fusarium kapa gola bola e se e fumanehile sebakeng se khethiloeng, ho thibetsoe ka matla ho jala fragole ho eona ntle le kalafo ea pele.
Lihlahla tse phetseng hantle li fafatsoa ka li-fungicides e le mokhoa oa thibelo. E bitsoang lik'hemik'hale tse nang le tšusumetso e mpe ho mycelium le spores ea fungus. Tsena li kenyelletsa: Topsin-M, Phytocide, Fundazole, Mikosan-V, Trichoderma Veride, Benefis, Benorad, Winner, Sporobacterin. Sebakeng seo, o ka sebelisa molora oa lehong, tharollo ea potasiamo permanganate (potasiamo permanganate), sebabole.
Mekhoa ea kalafo
Fusarium e ka kena moqomong ka peo e silafetseng, mobu o saletseng seeta, lethathamong la lisebelisoa. Li-fungus li ama lifate tsa litholoana, lijo-thollo le li-gourds. Lenane le boetse le kenyeletsa litapole, tamati le lipalesa tsa onion tse ka tšoaetsang fragole.
Boloetse bona bo felisoa ka lihlahisoa tsa likokoana-hloko. Li sebelisoa maemong a pele a fusarium.
E tsebahalang haholo hara balemi ba lirapa ke lithethefatsi tse kang Gumata-K, Trichodermin, Fitosporin-M, Gliokladin le Agat 23K. Ka lesapo le leholo, masimong a fafalitsoe ka metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale. Lethathamo la mekhoa e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa le kenyelletsa Benorad, Fundazol le Horus.
Kamora hore sejalo se kotuloe, mobu o alafshoa le Nitrafen. Tharollo ea kalafo e ikemiselitse ho latela litaelo tsa tšebeliso. E kopantsoe le moriana.
Ha ho khonehe ho kopanya mahlahana a likokoana-hloko le lik'hemik'hale. Sena se tla fokotsa katleho ea moriana ka mong mme se ama boemo ba lihlahla hampe. Kamora kalafo ea lik'hemik'hale, litholoana ha lia lokela ho jeoa libeke tse 'maloa.
Balemi ba lirapa ha baa lokela ho lebala ka mekhoa ea setso. Li bolokehile bakeng sa batho le limela. Lethathamo la metsoako ea phekolo le atile haholo. Hangata, ho sebelisoa tharollo e fokolang ea potasiamo permanganate le motsoako oa iodine ea lebese. Ha a fafatsa limela, jarete ea serapa e lokela ho tataisoa ke algorithm e nepahetseng. Ho seng joalo ho ke ke ha ba le litholoana tse ntle.
Mobu eo fragole e holang ho eona e ka feptjoa ka tomoso mme e tšolohe ka potasiamo.
Qetellong e eketsa ho hanyetsa moetlong le tšoaetsong, haholo-holo li-fungus le likokonyana. Ka fusariosis, lihlahla tse amehileng tsa fragole le fragole li tlameha ho senngoa. Ha ho na masalla a semela a lokelang ho sala setšeng.
Mefuta e Tšehetsoeng ea Strawberry
Li-fragole tse latelang li kenyelelitsoe mokhahlelong ona:
- Arosa;
- Yamaska;
- Bohemia
- Karen
- Gorella
- Florence;
- Judibel;
- Flamenco.
Lenane le ka tlatselletsoa ka mefuta e kang Kapri, Tristar, Kristin, Totem, Redgontlet, Talisman, Sonata. Ba ke ke ba tlameha ho phekoloa Fusarium, hobane ke ka seoelo ba tšoaelitsoeng ke bona.
Fusarium wilting ke bokuli bo boholo, boo ho leng thata ho bo hanela. Katleho ea kalafo e khethoa ke karolo eo kalafo e qalileng ho eona. Molemi e mong le e mong oa serapa o lokela ho tseba ho tšoara fragole. Ke maemong ana feela, ntoa khahlanong le tšoaetso e tla lebisa liphellong tse lakatsehang.
