Limela

Indoor violet (Saintpaulia): tlhaloso, mefuta e mengata, malebela a khetho, tlhokomelo

Indoor violet (senpolia) - mofuta oa limela tse thunyang tse emeloang haholo ka lipalesa tsa lapeng, ke oa lelapa la Gesneriev. Homeland - lithaba tsa Uzambar. Sebaka sa thomello ke libaka tsa Afrika Bochabela, moo ho nang le mongobo ebile ho futhumetse. Lebitso le leng ke Afrika ea Violet.


Palesa ena e ne e rehiloe lebitso la Uzambara violet hobane e tšoana le violu ea 'nete, empa ha e le hantle e hole le limela tsena tsa lelapa la Violet, li hola ka linako tse futhumetseng.

Tlhaloso ea Saintpaulia

Mofuta o emeloa ke lihlahla tsa herbaceous tse makatsang tsa kamehla.


Li na le methapo ea metso ea metso e tsoetseng pele e nang le metso e nang le metso, makhasi a bokelletsoeng ka har'a rosette metsong. Tsena ke likarolo tsa bona tse tloaelehileng, empa ho seng joalo mefuta ea tsona e fapaneng haholo. Phapang:

  • Mebala: sebopeho - limbic (lipane), litoro, sebopeho sa linaleli se entsoeng ka sebopeho, li-chimera; likapetla - bonolo (lipalo tse 5), scallop (ho ekelletsa ho tse 5 tse bonolo, ho na le tse tsoetseng pele tse tsoetseng pele), li-semi-Double (7-8), habeli (ho feta 10), li-clove (tse fetang 10, empa li le kholo); tiile, multicolor.
  • Makhasi: sebopeho - se chitja, se chitja, se bolelele, se na le metheo e boreleli kapa e entsoe ka seriti; mmala - ho tloha botala bo botala ho ea ho botala bo botala, o hlakileng le o khabisitsoeng.
  • Sethala: micromini (bophara ba 8 cm), mini (12-15 cm), halfmini (ka tlase ho cm 20), standard (20 ho isa ho 40 cm).

Mefuta ea Saintpaulia (African Violet)

Mefuta e arotsoe ka mefuta ho latela litšobotsi tsa bona tse ikhethang:

Mofuta oa sebopeho sa lipalesa

Karolo ea petal

KereitiMakhasiLipalesa

Lipane

Tse hlano. Tse peli tse nyane le tse tharo tse kholo.

Letlotlo la Lienz PiratesBurgundy oval e nang le sebopeho sa bubble.'Mala o mopinki o khanyang, haufi le khoele ea raspberry e pharaletseng e tšoanang le khoele.
Toro ea CinderellaWvy e putsoa e lefifi.Pherese e bobebe e nang le meeli e nang le bokhubelu bo bosehla. Li-petals tse holimo li nyane ebile li lefifi.
Melody KimiGrassy ka sebopeho sa pelo.Bosoeu bo bonolo, likharetene tse peli tse holimo li boputsoa, ​​tse ling kaofela li na le phofo e bonolo ka 'mala ona ho potoloha moeli.

Naleli

E tsebahala, e arotsoe ka nepo ho tloha bohareng.

Naleli ea Leholimo ea KevTsela e bonolo ea oval. Green, e nang le mokokotlo o mofubelu.Pinki e tloaelehileng le e mekhahlelo e 'meli ea pinki, bohale ba fuchsia.
Molimotsana oa BotleMoriti o melang.Terry, pherese-violet.
Boloi ba leratoE tala e tala.E shebahala joalo ka lipompo tse kholo tsa terry beetroot tse nang le moeli o mosoeu.
Khosana e ntšoEmerald e lefifi e nang le khubelu kahare.Burgundy e kholo, e tšoana le peony.
RosemaryO ts'oarehile lefifi.Pherese e pinki e nang le limela tse putsoa.
MarshmallowsTala e bobebe.E shebahala joalo ka sopho ea lebitso le tšoanang le metsero e pinki.
Austins SmileOval e lefifi.Likorale tse nang le raspberry edging.

Bell

E fanyehiloe botlaaseng, u se ke oa bula ka botlalo 'me ua tšoana le lipalesa tsa lebitso le le leng.

AdmiralE entsoe ka pelo e nang le moeli oa pherese.Palesa ea palesa e putsoa.
Tloloko e benyangGreen potoloha.Boreleli bo bosehla.
Phiri ea leoatleLefifi le letšo.Tora e putsoa.
ChansonMmala oa botlolo o benyang.Velvety putsoa ka marapo a pherese.
Robs Dandy LyonMebala ea joang bo nang le edell ea motley.Kerese le botala bo bobebe. E shebahala joaloka lehloa.

Bowl

Ho boloka sebopeho se felletseng se file lebitso mofuta ona.

Boo bannaMokokotlo o lefifi o motala o motelele.Boloea ba bana, bosoeu bo holimo.
Leloko la borenaWley motley.Lehloa le lesoeu le koahetsoeng ka moeli oa pinki kapa lilac.

Wasp

Arohane. Tse peli ka sebopeho sa li-tubes tse nyane, tse tharo - li leketlile tlase li holile.

Lunar BelaTlamisitsoe leseli le koahetsoeng.Bosoeu.
ZemfiraGrassy holimo le burgundy tlase, mmala o botala.Lilac, joalo ka seaparo se marang-rang.
SatelliteBa arohaneng ba arohaneng.Red-violet.


Mefuta e latelang e tsebahalang ea hare-hare ea violet e emeloa ke morero oa mebala:

Mofuta oa mebalaKereitiMakhasiLipalesa
E tsitsitsengBlue Theil FlyFleecy, e menetsoe ka mekotleng.Blue. Sebopeho sa likharetene li bua ka litšila.
GillianE halikiloe ka botala ba quilted.Bosoeu, bo boholo, joalo ka li-clove.
Metsotso e 'meliMarie SylviaOval, thota.Pherese e bobebe e nang le mahlakore a lefifi. E bonolo.
Rum punchMofuta oa naleli ea pinki. Semi-terry le terry.

Tse peli le multicolor

Fapanoa ka 'mete o tletse haholo ho' mala oa sehlooho.

IcebergE lefifi ka bohale ba wavy.Bluish e nang le mola o arohaneng oa boputsoa bo loileng.
Ka Khalase ea Ho Sheba (Glass ea Lukin)Grassy e nang le 'mala o sootho.Mmala o mopinki o bobebe bo habeli, khoele e tšesaane ea raspberry-fuchsian hue le botala bo bosoeu bo loileng, e neng e matha pheletsong.

Maphethelong a matlapa a mefuta e fapaneng ea senpolia e ka ba oavy, eseng notched, fringed (limbic).


O ka totobatsa mefuta e mengata ea pele e nang le litšobotsi tsa eona:

MofutaKereitiMakhasiLipalesa
EdgePhefo e ile ea phahama'Mala o tiileng oa Wavy.Mmala o mopinki, o lebileng pheletsong mmala o oa totobala ebe qetellong e fetoha raspberry, libakeng tse ling tse nang le tint e tala, li tšoana hantle le lirosa.
Natalis EstravaganteMefuta e fapaneng ea letheba ka 'mala.Lera e tšoeu le e pinki, moeli o lefifi ho chocolate.
Moetso o motleGreen wavy ka stalk ea burgundy.Linaleli tse bobebe tse lefifi li 'mala o moputsoa o nang le bofubelu bo loileng bo bosoeu.
MachoEmerald e bonolo ea emeralde e nang le clove e nyane moleng.Naleli e pherese e 'mala oa boputsoa bo bokhutšoaane ke mohala o pharalletseng.
Ho Bua KajenoBoreleli bo botala bo botala.Li-pansies tse tšoeu, moeli o boputsoa bo bofubelu ka 'mala o moputsoa.
Mmala o motalaIce Ice (Raspberry Ice)Tala e nang le pegit ea burgundy.Pinkish. Maqebeng a mararo, metsero e khubelu ea raspberry.
Nako ea selemo ea Leboea (Selemo se ka Boroa)E tšoeu ka matheba a pherese ea 'mala oa burgundy ho tloha ho leseli ho isa ho lithane tse ntšo.

Li-chimera

Li fapana ka metopa ho tloha setsing se haufi le lipeo.

Karabelo ea moferefereTala e lefifi ka lithutsoana tsa burgundy.Pinki ka meqathatso ea lilac e tsoang bohareng mme e kenelletse ka 'mala o tšoanang.
Mofumahali SabrinaMoqhaka o nang le lipalo tse ngata, mohala o pherese o hlahella bohareng.

Mohopolo

Colouring ka metsero le matheba a mebala e fapaneng.

ChimpanzeeEmerald emerald.Pinki ka 'mala o mosoeu oa wavy le li-splashes tse putsoa.
Liv WayeGreen e bonolo.Linaleli tsa likorale tse nang le lichapo tse 'mala o moputsoa tse hasantsoeng ka boomo.
AmpelicLibaka tsa RamblinMebala e metenya ea joang bo botala.Star lavender e nang le mekhoa e bobebe ea bopherese bo bobebe.
Lehloa lehloaEmerald e nyane e boletsoeng e bonolo.Tse bosoeu bo bosootho bo bosoeu ba lehloa, li ne li bopehile joaloka.
Tse fapanengPauline ViardotMebala e pinki e bofubelu ea bophara bo fapaneng.Mmala oa veine oa Semi-terry o nang le moeli o mosoeu.

Malebela a ho khetha violet ea kamore le maemo a eona

Ha o reka senpolia, o tlameha ho latela likhothaletso tse latelang:

  • Semela se tlameha ho lengoa sebakeng sa leholimo sa lehae, se sa feteng selemo.
  • Ho sesa ho na le maemo, 'mala o pentiloeng, ntle le' mala o mosehla le ho oela.
  • Phokotso ea methapo le botsitso ba sethala li bohlokoa.
  • Mobu o se nang li-depositi tse tšoeu.

Bakeng sa acclimatization e ntle, limela ka foleteng e latela melao:

  • E alafshoa ka fungicide (Maxim). Spray, tlohela metsotso e 20 ebe o hlatsoa ka bonolo ka seponche se mongobo. Karolo e ka tlase ea metsi e nosetsoa ka kokoanyana e bolaeang likokoanyana (Actara).
  • Ba e beha sebakeng se hole le limela tse ling bakeng sa halofo ea khoeli. Sebaka se setle ka ho fetisisa ke aquarium e se nang letho, e koahetsoeng ka lisebelisoa tse pepeneneng (khalase, filimi). Hlakola condensate letsatsi le letsatsi.
  • Kamora ho behelwa ka thoko, fetisetsa semela.

Tlhokomelo ea senpolia lapeng

Hoo e batlang e le mefuta eohle ea Saintpaulia e hloka maemo a ts'oanang a litlamong, ntle le li-violets le litumelo tse ts'oanang.

Ho lema le ho li holisa ho rarahane haholo.

NtlhaNako ea limelaMariha
Sebaka / MaboneFensetere e ka bophirima kapa e ka bochabela. Bakeng sa ho tsamaisa leseli le ho feta, palesa e lula e potoloha, ho sebelisoa khanya e eketsehileng. Litlolo tse batang le khanya ea letsatsi ha li amohelehe.
Mocheso+ 20 ... +22 ° C, se ke oa lumella marotholi.Eseng tlase ho +15 ° C.
MongoboEseng ka tlase ho 50%. Ho boloka, li fafatsoa ka seponche se setle, se kenngoa ka serethe se nang le lipekere tse metsi kapa li beiloe ka mebala e meng.50 %.
Ho nosetsaKamora hore mobu o ome ho tloha holimo, e lokela ho ba le mongobo, empa ntle le ho emisoa ke metsi.Moeli.
Kenya kopo e hloekisitsoeng metsi mochesong oa kamore, ka hloko a se ke a oela makhasi.
Ho apara ka holimoHang kamora libeke tse ling le tse ling tse peli tse nang le menontsha ea liminerale e rarahaneng.Se ke oa sebelisa.
MobuMobu oa senpoly kapa sebopeho: lekhasi, sod, lefatše le nang le peat (3: 2: 1: 1), eketsa vermiculite, perlite, lehlabathe le kopaneng la noka le boriba bo khethiloeng (1).
PitsaLi nka li-warts tse fokolang makhetlo a 3, hobane metso ea semela e nyane mme mobu o mongata ha o hlokahale.
Ho fetisoaE le molao, hlahisa lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 3. Palesa e na le metso ea methapo e tebileng, ka hona hangata ha e khothalletsoe ho e ferekanya.

Ho susumetsa lipalesa

Ka tlhokomelo e sa lekanang hantle, setšo ha se thunya, sena se etsahala maemong a:

  • lebone le tlase;
  • ho haella ha phepo e nepahetseng;
    ho nosetsa ho sa lokelang;
  • mobu o teteaneng;
  • pitsa e kholo;
  • tshwaetso ke mafu kapa likokonyana.

Ho susumetsa semela, ho hlokahala hore ho felisoe liphoso tsohle: ho li fetisetsa ka sekotlong se haufi, ho fetola substrate, fepa, ho phekola ka fungicide le likokoanyana.

Ho ata ha kamore ea senpolia

Pratisetsa leqhubu ka mekhoa e meraro: ka li-cutlets, lekhasi le lipeo.

Peo

Ts'ebetso e bohloko ka ho fetisisa, empa eu lumella ho fumana limela tse ngata:

  • Nka setshelo se tlase haholo ka mobu o hlephileng.
  • Peo e ajoa holim'a metsi ntle le peo.
  • Ho huleloa filimi kapa pampiri e tšoeu holim'a sejana.
  • E behiloe ho + 17 ... +21 ° C, nako le nako o tlosa setšabelo.
  • Kamora halofo ea khoeli, ha ho hlaha makhasi a 'nete, a ikakhela ka setsing se selelele se koaheletsoeng ka khalase.
  • Ha limela li hola, li lengoa ka lipitsa tse arohaneng.

Lero

Khetho e bonolo. Mehato ea keketseho ea makhasi ka bohato:

  • Moleng o bohareng, lekhasi le nang le petiole ea 5 cm le khaotsoe.
  • Metso e etsoa ka metsing le mobung.
  • Sekhahla sa makhasi se mela ka potlako. Peo ea 3-4 e fumanoa ho e le 'ngoe.

Metsi

Petiole e nang le lekhasi e theoleloa ka sekotlong sa metsi. Ho thibela ho bola ha bona, kh'setho e sebetsang ea carbon e qhaloa moo. Nako le nako, mokelikeli o oa fetoloa. Ha metso ea metso e hlaha (ho tloha libeke tse peli ho isa ho likhoeli tse 1.5 - ho latela mefuta e fapaneng), e fetisetsoa mobung.

Melemo: O ka shebella tšebetso mme o fetela mehatong e latelang ka nako (sets'oants'o se hlakileng se hlokahala).

Mobu

Letlapa le beoa hang-hang mobung. Melemo: Ho nka nako e nyane, hobane semela ha se hloke ho ikamahanya le maemo a fapaneng (metsi, ebe mobu).

Li-cuttings

Mokhoa ona o kenyelletsa ho phatlalatsoa ke likhopo tsa morali tse holang makhapetleng a makhasi. Ho bona, sehlahla ha se na tšabo 'me, joalo ka molao, ba tlosoa. Empa haeba o li hatella ka holimo, ho thehiloe maqephe, ebe mohato o khaoloa ka hloko ebe o beoa mobung.

Ho sa tsotelehe mokhoa, pitsa e nang le mohala o holang e koaheloa ka masoba ho polyethylene mme e theha maemo a itseng:

  • mongobo - 50%;
  • mocheso - + 22 ... +25 ° C;
  • lihora tsa motšehare - bonyane lihora tse 12 (ntle le letsatsi le tobileng);
  • substrate e hlephileng ka phapanyetsano e ntle ea moea;
  • nosetsa ka metsi a futhumetseng a futhumetseng ha mobu o omella.

Mafu a Tloaelehileng le Likokoanyana bakeng sa Uzambara Violet

Ha ho na le tlolo ea leha e le efe ea tlhokomelo, senpolia e pepesetsoa mafu a fapaneng le litlhaselo tsa likokoana-hloko tse kotsi.

PonahatsoLebaka

Mehato ea ho lokisa

Ho bola ha likarolo tsa semela, makhasi a oa.Fusarium

Tlosa likarolo tse senyehileng. Li tšoaroa ke Fundazol.

Letlapa le lesoeu, makhasi a lamunu.Powdery hloboSebelisa Benlat, haeba lipontšo li lula kamora libeke tse peli, ts'ebetso e phetoa.
Ho mela ha 'metso oa metso, ho fifatsa makhasi.Morao blightSemela se felisitsoe.
Ponahalo ea koae e sootho ea brown.Grey bola

Tlosa libaka tse kulang. Spray le Fitosporin kapa sethethefatsi se seng sa fungicidal.

Meetso e khubelu makhasing a makhasi a nang le makhaba.MofokaSebelisa metsi a Bordeaux a le lerole la sebabole.
Lefu la makhasi.Bacterial bacteriosisE sebetse le Zircon, Fundazol.
Ponahalo ea li-cobwebs, ho cheka le deformation ea makhasi.Sekhopha miteSpray le acaricides (Actellic).
Ho sithabela.ShieldSebelisa agravertine
Palesa ea makhasi, likoti ka lipalesa, lefu la stamens.Manonyeletso

Khaola likarolo tse kulang. Li phekoloa ka likokoanyana tse bolaeang likokoanyana (Inta-Vir).

Ho fumana liboko ho sistimi ea metso e ruruhileng, litlolo tse boreleli le ho bola ha makhasi.Nematode

Tlosa liso. Kamora ts'ebetso, e fetisitsoe. Spray le Nematicide Vidat.

Phetoho ea makhasi le lipalesa, ho rata ha tsona, ho tiea.HoabaE phekoloa ka metsi a nang le sesepa haeba bothata bo ntse bo le Mospilan, Actellik.
Monko o monate, ho etsoa ha litlolo tse tšoeu ka metso.Motso oa seboko

E fetiselitsoe. Sebelisa Actara bakeng sa ho sebetsa.

Ho potoloha ha libaka ka bonngoe, ponahalo ea likokoanyana tse fofang.Likatse le menoangFafatsa mobu ka Karbofos.
Lipontšo tsa koae e ntšo e khanyang, ho bonesa makhasi, ho emisa khōlong.WhitefishSebelisa likokoanyana tse bolaeang likokoanyana le li-acaricides (Actellik, Actara).

Ha kalafo e qala ka nako, tloaelo ea mebuso ea tlhokomelo, le tlhokomelo e thibelang ts'ebetso e etsoa, ​​phetoho ea mathata e tla ba e fokolang.

Monghali oa Lehlabula oa tsebisa: violet senpolia - palesa ea vampire

Semela se fumana matla ho batho ka toro. E ke ke ea bolokoa ka kamoreng, ho seng joalo hlooho ea hlooho le malaise li tiisitsoe. Empa ho na le tlhaloso e bonolo bakeng sa sena. Joalo ka lipalesa tsohle tse mots'eare, e hlahisa oksijene, 'me bosiu e e monya e hlahisa carbon dioxide.

Empa Violet e ka tlisa melemo, e leleka likokoanyana tse kotsi (maphele, likokoanyana). Ka hona, sebaka se mo loketseng ka ho fetisisa ke kichineng.