Poddubovik, kapa li-mushroom tsa dubovik, ke mefuta e sa tloaelehang e hōlang feela maemong a itseng. Moo u ka bokellang li-mushroom tse joalo, kamoo li shebahalang kateng, ho hloekisa li-subdub le ho lokisetsa lijo tse monate ho eona - a re ke re shebisise.
E jeoa kapa che
Bo-mushroom ena ba mofuta oa borovik ke oa sehlopha sa li-mushroom tse tloaelehileng. Sena se bolela hore li-mushroom li jeoa ha li phehiloe - ka eona e tala e ke keng ea sebelisoa: e ka baka botahoa ba 'mele. Bo-mushroom ba Dubovik bo na le lintho tse chefo tse senyang feela ka phekolo ea mocheso.
Fumana hore na baemeli ba borovik ba jeoa ke eng ebile ha ba na thuso.
Ponahalo
Lebitso la poddubovik le fumanoang ka lebaka la sebaka seo le se abetsoeng - li-mushroom tsena li hōla haholo haufi le lifate tsa maike. Ho ea ka data e kantle ho tšoana le mushroom e tšoeu. 
Hat
E ka finyella boholo bo hlollang (ho fihlela ho bophara ba 23 cm). Mmala o fapana le botala bo bobebe ho fihlela bo sootho bo sootho le bo sootho. Tšobotsi ea tšobotsi ea poddubovik - ha u tobetsa cap, ho na le li-specks tse nyenyane tse tala tse fetang nako. Sebopeho sa cap e tloaelehile: sebaka sa hemisphere, se ka ba le hillock bohareng ba cap, 'me mohlomong, ho fapana le hoo, e tletse ka ho feletseng. Ka linako tse ling ho na le cap, ho tloha hohle, ho koahela leoto, joaloka cap. Ka tšusumetso ea mongobo, lesela la moemeli o le mong o fetoha o tsitsitseng le o tsitsitseng, o fokolang habonolo ho ea ho ama. 
Leoto
Ho itšetlehile ka boholo ba cap, e ka ba bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 20. Leoto le matla, le teteaneng, le tšoana le maceba. Mmala a maoto a boetse a fapana le mohloaare ho ea bofubelu bo tebileng. Ho feta bolelele bohle, ho na le mekhoa e mekhoa eo ho eona ho hlahang li-pores tse khubelu tse nyenyane. Ha u hatella leoto le ka 'na la koaheloa ke libaka tsa bluse.
Na ua tseba? Libakeng tse ling, dubovik e bitsoa "li-mushroom tse tala" kapa "e sithabetse" - o fumane lebitso lena la bosoane ka lebaka la bokhoni ba hae ba ho fumana lesela le leputsoa ha a kopana le moea.
Pulp
Podubovik makhasi a lula a le mosehla, ha a kopana le moea e fetoha lehlaka le bluish. Tatso le monko ka foromo e tala ha li bitsoe, ha ho na bohale kapa monko o monate. E na le sebopeho sa nama. 
Pore ea phofo
Li-spores tsa poddubovika li lula li phatlalatsoa, boholo ba 10-17h5.2-6.2 mm. 'Mala oa phofo o fapane - ho tloha mohlolong oa mohloaare le ho bobebe bo bobebe ho sootho le bo sootho.
Li-mushroom Tse Lekaneng
Dubovik e na le kamano e kholo ka ho fetisisa le mushroom e tšoeu - ha li tšoane feela le ponahalo e tšoanang, empa hape e na le nako ea ho nonoa ha lijo: qetellong ea May le qalong ea September. 
Phapang e khōlō pakeng tsa poddubovik le fungus e tšoeu ke bokhoni ba eona ba ho koaheloa ka li-speck tse tala ha li hatelloa kapa li kopana le moea, hammoho le sebopeho sa mahlo se leoto leoto.
Ithute ho eketsehileng ka li-mushroom tse tšoeu: mefuta, thepa, ho kotula (ho halima); le hore na ke li-mushroom tse hōlang ka May.
Haeba u etsa phoso 'me u bokella li-mushroom tse tšoeu ho e-na le poddubovik, ho ke ke ha e-ba le kotsi: mushroom e tšoeu hase feela e jeoang ebile ha e na kotsi, empa e boetse e na le tatso e babatsehang, e ke keng ea boleloa ka mushroom oa satane - chefo le chefo. 
E fapane le li-dubovik tse nang le leoto le leholoanyane, ho se be le mokhoa o motsoako ho eona, monko o monate o bohale le mmala ea cap: ho tloha ho tšoeu ho ea ho mohloaare. Hangata li-mushroom tsa satane lia hōla ka li-oak, beech, chestnut, linden, e leng ho eketsa kotsi ea ho e ferekanya ka li-boletus tse jeoang.
Ke habohlokoa! Bo-fungus ba Satane linaheng tse ling ho nkoa e le ntho e jeoang, empa ho tsejoa hore chefo ea eona e ka etsa hore motho a lule a sa tsebe letho. Haeba u belaela 'me u ke ke ua tseba hore na ke mefuta efe e ka pel'a hao ke li-mushroom tse kang li-dubovik kapa tsa satane, ho molemo hore u se ke ua felisa lipapali tse joalo kapa ua sebelisa thuso ea likheo tse nang le phihlelo ea li-mushroom.
E 'ngoe ea lijo tse peli e jeoa boletus e mosehla - Li-mushroom tse tloaelehileng merung ea Europe Bophirimela. Phapang e kholo ho tswa ho dubovik ke 'mala oa cap le leoto: e mosehla kapa e mosehla oa lehlabula, e leng lebitso leo le ileng la fana ka lebitso ho joalo.
Hokae le nako ea ho bokella
Dubovik e thehoa 'me e butsoa nakong ea mofuthu - ho tloha bohareng ba June ho ea pele ho September. Ho abeloa merung ea meru le meru ea Europe, e fumanoa Siberia le Bochabela bo Hare. E ka hōla eseng haufi le lihlahla tsa oak, empa hape e haufi le birch, beech, chestnut. Mobu o mong oa calcareous, boleng ba moea bo khetholla: sebaka se seholo ha se hōle le libaka tse silafetseng kapa haufi le litsela tse kholo. E 'ngoe ea maemo a ho hōla e boetse e le khanya e lekaneng ea letsatsi. Ka linako tse ling li fumanoa libakeng tse mongobo.
Tsejoe ka mefuta ea mefuta e tloaelehileng ea li-mushroom le li-mushroom tse jeoang tsa TOP-15 tsa Ukraine.
Ho ja
Hangata li-mushroom li sebelisoa e le motheo oa bohobe bo monate, hammoho le sejana se nang le mapolanka a ikemetseng. Likarolo tsohle tsa dubovik li sebelisoa: leoto le cap, ha li na mokhoa o tiileng, ka hona li phekoloa hantle. Ka lebaka la ho haelloa ke tatso ea motho ka mong, ha a pheha li-mushroom joalo, ho sebelisoa palo e ngata ea linoko le linoko. 
Joang le hore na u ka pheha hakae
Ka lebaka la hore subdub e na le boholo ba chefo, ho ke ke ha khoneha ho e pheha ntle le ho e tšela pele. Pele o tsoela pele ho pheha, ho hlatsoa le ho hloekisa dubovik e bolokile metsing a letsoai ka metsotso e 20-30. Ebe o kha metsi, dubovik pheha metsing a hloekileng metsotso e 15 ho isa ho e 30 ho tloha nakong ea ho pheha - ho itšetlehile ka boholo ba poddubovik. Dubovik e omeletseng e ka tlas'a pheho e tlamang - e phehiloe ka metsotso e 30: nako ena e tla lekane hore likarolo tsohle tse chefo tsa li-mushroom tse omisitsoeng li felisoe ka ho feletseng.
Re u eletsa hore u bale ka theknoloji ea ho kotula li-mushroom: pickling, Salting, drying, freezing.
How to pickle
Poddubik e senola e le kannete tatso le monko oa eona nakong ea ho khetha: ho latela melao le recipe, e fumana tatso e monate haholo.
Bakeng sa ho lokisoa ha litlhoko tsa li-dubovik tse khethiloeng:
- podduboviki - 1 lik'hilograma;
- Olireiti 9% - 2 tablespoons;
- acid e citric;
- metsi - 250ml;
- tsoekere - 1 tbsp. khaba;
- letsoai - 1 tbsp. khaba;
- pepere le pepere e ntšo, garlic, cloves, dill mane, coriander - ho latsoa.
Mokhoa oa ho itokisa:
- E peeled, e hlatsoe le ho tlosoa Dubovik e phehile ka metsotso e 15-20. Ebe metsi ao a hloka ho ts'oa.
- Lokisetsa marinade: tlisa metsi ho pheha, eketsa tsoekere, letsoai, peppercorns, dill mane, coriander le cloves. Pheha metsotso e 5-7 ka mor'a hore u belise.
- Beha duboviki e phehiloeng ka nkho, tšela marinade 'me u kene asene le konofolo.
- Nkho e tiisitsoe ka thata, e lumelloa ho pholile mocheso oa motsoako.
Tsena li-podduboviki tse nang le li-pickled li bolokiloe sebakeng se phodileng (se ka ba ka le foranteng kapa cellar).Na ua tseba? Li-mushroom tsa Dubovik li boetse li sebelisetsoa merero ea bongaka: li-amino acid tse ling li ka thibela ho thehoa le ho ata ha lisele tse bohloko, le tincture ka lebaka la poddubovik e sebelisetsoang ho tšoara khatello ea kelello le mokhathala o sa foleng.
Litlhokomelo le matšoao a chefo
Dubovik, ho fapana le li-rayezhik kapa yellow boletus, e ke ke ea jeoa e tala: e na le lintho tse chefo tse ka bakang kotsi e khōlō 'meleng. E tlameha ho phehiloe, e halikiloeng kapa e be le marine pele e jeoa. Ha ho kgothaletswe ho ja podduboviki ho kopana le lino tse tahang, hammoho le batho ba nang le mathata a tšitiso ea lijo. Bana, bakhachane le bo-'mè ba tlhokomelo ha baa lokela ho ja podduboviki: ka lebaka la ho itokisetsa hantle, ba ka fokotsa mesebetsi e sireletsang ea 'mele haholo.
Matšoao a chefo ea chefo ke:
- bohloko bo bohloko ka mpeng;
- ho nyefoloa;
- botsoa;
- blanching;
- ponahalo ea matheba a bohloa kapa a mosehla letlalong;
- feberu le feberu.
Ha ho na le matšoao a pele a ho noa joala, hang-hang u tšolise mpa ka metsi ka tharollo e fokolang ea potassium permanganate le ho letsetsa tlhokomelo ea tšohanyetso: e ka 'na eaba u phehile le ho ja li-fungus tse chefo. Ho lieha ho hong ho ka senya bophelo, kahoo le haeba u ikutloa u sa phutholoha hanyenyane, u ntse u kōpa thuso ho ngaka. 
Poddubovik ke mefuta e sa tloaelehang eo hangata e fumanoang morung. Leha ho le joalo, eena, ka ho lokisetsa hantle, o na le tatso le monko o monate haholo, 'me lijana tse tsoang ho eona e ka ba mokhabiso o loketseng oa tafole. E-ba hlokolosi ha u bokella le ho pheha dubovik: nahana ka li-mushroom hantle pele u e lokisetsa - mohlomong ho na le ponahalo e chefo har'a lihlahisoa tse nkiloeng. Botsa motho ea nang le phihlelo ea li-mushroom kapa u se ke ua pheha ka li-mushroom tseo u li belaetsang: u tla itšireletsa ho chefo e ka 'nang ea e-ba teng.
