"Chugunka" - mefuta e fapaneng ea pele ea khetho ea naha, e tloaelehileng mapolasing a fapaneng.
Li-tubers tse nang le bluish-peele e pherese li shebahala e le elegantne, tatso ea litapole e phethiloeng e monate ebile e tletse. Lihlahla li se nang boikaketsi, lihlahisoa li itšetlehile ka bohlokoa ba phepo ea mobu le maemo a leholimo.
Sehloohong sena u tla fumana tlhaloso e qaqileng ea mefuta-futa, litšoaneleho tsa litapole le likarolo tse ling tsa agrotechnics ea temo ea eona.
Tlhaloso e sa tšoaneng
Lebitso la mabitso | Pitsa |
Litšobotsi tse tloaelehileng | tafole e butsoitseng ea mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea khetho ea naha, ho thibela komello, lihlahisoa ha li phahameng |
Nako ea botšehali | Matsatsi a 70-75 |
Tšoaetso ea starch | 10-17% |
Bongata ba li-tubers tsa khoebo | 100-130 gr |
Palo ea li-tuber morung | 6-11 |
Tlisa | 100-200 c / ha |
Boleng ba bareki | e monate haholo, e loketse ho pheha lijana leha e le life, e na le liprotheine tse ngata le livithamine |
Ho tsosolosoa | 95% |
'Mala oa letlalo | pherese e putsoa |
'Mala o motala | tranelate kapa tšoeu |
Libaka tse ntseng li hōla tse khethiloeng | mobu leha e le ofe le boemo ba leholimo |
Mafu a ho hanyetsa | kokoana-hloko e thibelang lekhasi le letlalo, li-mosaic, leoto le letšo, le atisa ho hlaseloa habonolo |
Lintho tsa ho hōla | teknoloji e tloaelehileng ea temo, e khetha mobu o khanyang, e kgothaletswa ho cheka tubers ka mor'a ho feletseng |
Moqapi | Ha e kene ho ngolisong ea mefuta e mengata ea Russia Federation le linaheng tse ling. |
Litšobotsi tsa litapole
Litapole "Chugunka", tse fapa-fapaneng tlhaloso: e bua ka litafole tsa pele. Lihlooho tse ling li nahana ka mefuta-futa ea tafole-aft. Nako ea limela ke matsatsi a 70-75. Ho kgothaletswa ho cheka di-tubers qetellong ea ho butsosa, ba fumana tatso e monate mme ba ba le thuso e ngata..
Sehlahisoa se itšetlehile ka sebaka sa boemo ba leholimo le bohlokoa ba phepo ea mobu, ho tloha ho ba 100 ho ea ho ba 200 lekholong ka hektare. Li-tuber li bokelitsoe hantle, li loketse lipalangoang le ho rekisoa.
Mokhoa oa ho boloka litapole mariha, ke lintlha life le mekhoa efe ea ho boloka litapole ka mabokoseng, bala lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa marang-rang a rona. Hape re tla u bolella tsohle ka polokelo ea litapole tse qhibilihisitsoeng mme u ka boloka litapole tse tala, tse phehiloeng le tse halikiloeng ka sehatsetsing?
Litapole ha li atisa ho angoa ke kankere, bola, likokoana-hloko. Ha e le hantle ha e hlaheloe ke leoto le letšo, e le khahlanong le makhasi a likhahla kapa li-mosaic. Ho tšoaetsoa ke bothata ba morao-rao hoa khoneha; nakong ea seoa, limela li hloka tlhokomelo e khethehileng ka hloko.
Lihlahla tsa boholo bo bohareng kapa mofuta o phahameng, oa lipakeng, o otlolohileng, o sa na le makala a sa sisinyeheng. Ho thehoa ha botala bo botala, makhasi a le nyenyane, a tala, a na le metsoako e fokolang ea li-vevy 'me a hlakileng methapo.
Corolla e kopane, e bokelloe lipalesa tse pherese tse pherese tse khōlō. Ho thehoa ha Berry ho tlaase. Metso ea metso e matla, bonyane litapole tse kholo tse 10 li tlameletsoe tlas'a sehlahla se seng le se seng. Ka tlhokomelo e nepahetseng, li-tubers tse mpe ha li thehoe hangata, boitsebiso bo nyenyane bo ntse bo kotuloa.
Ho lema maemo a tlhokomelo. Li-tubers li lenngoe naheng e futhumetseng, ho hlokahala hore ho hlahlobe boemo ba mongobo. Mefuta e fapa-fapaneng e khetha mobu o khanyang, empa o boetse o hōla ka marang-rang ntle le mathata.
Li-tubers tsa sehlopha sa "Chugunka" li fapane ka tatso e monate e phethehileng. Ho bona moea o hloekileng oa mebala e mosoeu o hlaha. Li-tubers li ka halikiloe, li khabisitsoe, li koetsoe kapa li pentiloe, ha lia fifala nakong ea ho itšeha.
E 'ngoe ea lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tse bohlokoa ha ho khethoa mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea temo ke lihlahisoa tsa eona. Ka tafole ka tlase u tla fumana mekhoa ena ka mefuta e fapa-fapaneng e hlahisitsoeng ho websaeteng ea rona:
Lebitso la mabitso | Tlisa |
Santa | ho fihlela ho 570 c / ha |
Tuleyevsky | 400-500 c / ha |
Motho oa Gingerbread | 450-600 c / ha |
Ilinsky | 180-350 c / ha |
Cornflower | 200-480 c / ha |
Laura | 330-510 c / ha |
Motsoako | ho fihlela ho lik'hilograma tse 500 / ha |
Mahlo a buluu | ho fihlela ho lik'hilograma tse 500 / ha |
Adretta | ho fihlela ho 450 kg / ha |
Alvar | 295-440 c / ha |
Photo
Litapole tse sa tšoaneng "Chugunka" - setšoantšo se ka tlaase mona:
Tšimoloho
Mefuta e sa tšoaneng "pitsa" e bolela mehlala e hlakileng ea khetho ea naha. Ha e kenyelelitsoe Register ea Naha ea Russia Federation, empa e atile har'a balemi ba lirapa ba amateur 'me o hōlileng libakeng tse fapaneng. Har'a baholo-holo ba litapole, Sineglazka e tummeng e thathamisitsoe, tubers e sebelisoa ka mafolofolo bakeng sa ho ikatisa mosebetsi.
Ka tšebeliso e telele ea peo ea litapole e fokolang. Ho eketsa boholo ba tubers le ho eketsa chai, ho ntlafatsa nako le nako ea tubers bakeng sa ho lema ho khothalletsoa.
Matla le mefokolo
E 'ngoe ea melemo e meholo ea mefuta e mengata:
- Tatso e ntle ea lijalo;
- ho butsoa pele ho nako;
- ho hloka tlhokomelo;
- ho mamellana ha komello;
- li-tubers tse kotuloang li bolokiloe hantle;
- ho hanyetsa maloetse le tse senyang lijalo.
Tse ling tsa liphoso tse nyenyane:
- kutloisiso ea phepo ea mobu;
- lilemo tse seng kae tse seng kae, lihlahisoa tsa peo li khothalletsoa ho ntlafatsoa.
Ka tafole ka tlase u tla fumana litšoantšo tsa ho boloka litapole tsa litapole tse nang le mefuta e meng:
Lebitso la mabitso | Ho tsitlella |
Breeze | 97% |
Zekura | 98% |
Kubanka | 95% |
Burly | 97% |
Felox | 90% |
Triumph | 96% |
Agatha | 93% |
Natasha | 93% |
Mosali ea khubelu | 92% |
Uladar | 94% |
Lintho tsa ho hōla
Litapole li lenngoeng haufi le bohareng ba May, mobu o lokela ho futhumatsa hantle. Pele o lema, tubers ke li-pickled, tse omisitsoeng, tse sebetsanoang ke li-stimulants..
Ka mor'a moo, litapole li mela ka leseli kapa ka metsi a sawdust. Li-tubers tse phetseng hantle, tse nang le phepo tse nang le limela tse matla, tse matla li khethoa bakeng sa ho lema. Mobu oa ho lema o ka ba leha e le ofe.
Mefuta e fapaneng e khutsitseng e mamelletsa mobu o boima, empa ka lesela le nonneng le mokelikeli, chai e eketseha haholo. Ho ba le phepo ea mobu ho eketsa humus kapa molora oa patsi, ho ka khoneha ho e fepa hang ka tharollo ea superphosphate kapa diluted mullein. Ho fepa le thuso ea foliar, e etsoa matsatsi a 10 pele ho kotuloa.
Bala ka ho eketsehileng mabapi le hore na o tla sebelisa joang menontsha le hore na o tla e etsa joang ha u lema, bala lihlooho tsa sebaka sa rona.
Nako le nako lilemo tse 2-3, libaka tsa ho jala litapole li hloka ho fetoloa. Libaka tse tlotsoeng li jetsoe ka lupine, radish oilseed kapa phacelia.
Li-legumes, k'habeche kapa lihoete li tla ba selelekela se setle sa mobu. Litholoana tse ntle li fumanoa hape ka ho jala libakeng tseo pele li neng li tšoaretsoe ke joang.
Lihlahla li behiloe ka thōko ea cm 30 ho tloha ho tse ling, sebaka sa 60 cm se setse pakeng tsa mela. Tubers tebileng ka 10-12 cm. Ho nosetsa hoa hlokahala feela ka lehlabula le omeletseng. Nakong ea leholimo le metsi, limela li silafatsoa ka molora, tse thibelang metso kapa blackleg.
Ka ts'ebetso ea ho hōla ho lema ka hare 1-2 linako tse ling ho bokella le sebopeho sa litoropo tse phahameng. Mofoka o tlosoa ka nako e le 'ngoe. Ho tsamaisa ts'ebetso ena ho tla fapana pakeng tsa mela ea joang kapa joang.
Bala tsohle ka tšebeliso ea li-herbicides, li-fungicides le likokoanyana.
Re boetse re fana ka maikutlo a hore u itsebe le mekhoa e meng ea litapole tse ntseng li hōla: tlas'a joang, ka mekotleng, ka melikong, ho latela theknoloji ea Dutch.
Maloetse le tse senyang lijalo
Balemi ba lirapa ba hlahisang "tšepe e entsoeng ka mefuta-futa" e sa tšoaneng, ba hanang ho hanyetsa kankere ea litapole le likokoana-hloko tse sa tšoaneng. Litapole ha li atlehe ho ama litšoantšo tse khabisitsoeng kapa lekhasi, mme u se ke ua hlokofatsoa ke blackleg.
Tšoaetso e ka khonehang e nang le bothata ba morao makhasi kapa tubers. Nakong eo lefu lena le hlaselang ka ho etsa litokisetso tsa koporo ho buelloa. Ho jala feela litapole ho tloha lihlahla tse sa nang tšoaetso li khethiloe.
Websaeteng ea rona u ka boela ua fumana tlhahisoleseding e qaqileng ka mafu a kang Alternaria, fusarium wilt, verticillis le hlabula ea litapole.
Mefuta e mengata e nang le botala bo botala le e pherese hangata e hohela likokoanyana Litapole tse fapa-fapaneng ke thabo e thabisang. Lihlahla ha li amehe ka seoelo Colorado litapole beetle kapa wireworm. Bakeng sa thibelo, ho hlokahala hore ho khethoe tubers mme ka hloko u khethe mobung masale a limela pele o jala.
Ntoeng khahlanong le Colorado litapole beetle e tla thusa lik'hemik'hale: Aktara, Corado, Regent, Molaoli, Botumo, Lehalima, Tanrek, Apache, Taboo.
"Chugunka" ke mefuta-futa e thahasellisang le e monate e tšoanelang tlhokomelo e haufi-ufi. Ka tlhokomelo e nepahetseng, kotulo e tsitsitseng e tiisitsoe, tubers e boreleli, e kholo, e ntle.
Mobala o pherese oa rind o fana ka maikutlo ho karolo e phahameng ea li-antioxidants tse molemo, livithamine le lintho tse ling tsa bohlokoa.
Re boetse re ithaopela ho itlhalosa ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea litapole tse nang le mantsoe a fapaneng a ho butsosa:
Bofelong ba morao | Pele ho nako | Superstore |
Sonny | Darling | Sehoai |
Kankere | Morena oa lihlatsoana | Meteor |
Rogneda | Ramos | Juvel |
Granada | Taisiya | Minerva |
Magician | Rodrigo | Kiranda |
Lasock | Fantasy e khubelu | Veneta |
Li-evangeli | Jelly | Zhukovsky pele | Botho | Sefefo | Nōka |