Temo

Mefuta e atileng ka ho fetisisa ea likhomo naheng ea Russia ke "Black Motley"

Ka nako e telele, khomo e Russia e ne e bitsoa mooki ea nang le metsi, 'me leruo la lelapa la batho ba futsanehileng le ne le khethoa ke palo ea liphoofolo tsena tse ntle.

Ho tloha ka nako eo, lintho tse ngata li fetohile, empa Ho noa likhomo tsa lebese e ntse e le eona indasteri e tsamaisang liphoofolo.

Ke habohlokoa haholo ho hlokomela mekhoa ea batsho le e bosoeu, e fumane kabelo e kholo naheng ea rona, Ukraine le Moldova.

Histori ea tsoalo

E USSR ho tloha ka 1931 Mosebetsi o qalile ho hlahisa likhomo tse phahameng. Motheo o ne o nkiloe ke likhomo tsa black motley tsa sebakeng se setle. Kostroma, Yaroslavl, mefuta ea Simmentalsky le lipalesa tsa Madache, tsa Switzerland, tsa Ostfrizian. Phello e ne e hlompheha.

E 1959 likhomo tsa lebese tse bosoeu le tse tšoeu o fumane boemo ba khetho e fapaneng, 53% mohlape oa lebese la naha ea rona ke pestrus.

Ho boetse ho na le mefuta e meng ea likhoho tsa lebesetse kang Jersey, Simmentalskaya, Ayshirskaya, Yaroslavskaya, Kholmogorskaya, Red Steppe.

Litšobotsi tsa Black Pestroy

Baemeli ba pepa ba na le mobala o motšo le motley, motho ka mong bakeng sa phoofolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, 'mele o mosesaane, hlooho e mahareng e nang le sefahleho se selelele, Linaka li bontšitse liphello tse lefifi, lebese ke e bōpehileng ka khase, lebese la morao le leng le le leng le haufi le le leng pele ho lona, ​​letlalo la mokokotlo le boreleli ebile le otloloha, maoto a le matla.

Naha ea rona e kholo haholo 'me maemo a leholimo tšimong ea eona a fapane haholo, ka lebaka la sena, mosebetsi oa ho ikatisa oa liphoofolo o itšetlehile ka mefuta ea sebaka seo ho leng hantle ho itšetlehile ka maemo a tlhaho.

Ka lebaka lena mofuta o motšo le o mosoeu o arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo: Europe Bohareng, Ural, Siberia.

  1. E karolo e bohareng linaha Yaroslavl, Kholmogory, mefuta ea Kostroma e ne e le motheo oa ho ikatisa mosebetsing.. Li khetholletsoe ke boholo bo boholo le lihlahisoa tse ngata, ka hona, ha li tšela liphoofolo tsa Madache le tsa Switzerland, mofuta ona o mocha o futsitse litšobotsi tse tsotehang, tlhahiso e phahameng le boima bo phahameng.

    Bull e ka ba le boima 1000 lik'hilograma, khomo haholo - ho fihlela ho 650 lik'hilograma., manamane a tsoaloa a leholo 'me a fumana boima ho fihlela ho 1000 dikgerama. ka letsatsi. Mekhahlelo ea lihlahisoa tsa tlhahiso ho tloha ho tse 4 ho ea ho tse 6 000 nakong ea lactation, index e fatang: 3.5-3.7%;

  2. Bakeng sa ho ikatisa Sehlopha sa Ural motheo o nkiloe Matšoao a motsoako le a bosoeu a Tagil, Baltic e meholo ea variegated le liphoofolo tsa Ostfrizian. Karolo ea ka ntle ea liphoofolo e batla e cheka ho feta mefuta e bohareng ea Europe. Karolelano ea lihlahisoa tsa selemo le selemo tse ka bang 5500 lik'hilograma, empa tse nang le mafura - ho fihlela ho 4%;
  3. Mefuta ea Siberia mofuta o motšo le motley o fumanoang ho tloha lipalesa tsa matšoao le li-dutch tsa sebakeng seo. Ka lebaka la maemo a thata a leholimo, baemeli ba mefuta ena ba nyenyane, empa tlhahiso kaofela ha bona e phahameng haholo - ho fihlela lik'hilograma tse 5000. ka selemole mafura a fatše - 3.9-4%.
Mosebetsi oa ho tsoala ho ntlafatsa mefuta ena o ntse o tsoelapele, lits'ebetso li ntse li ntlafala kamehla, karolelano ea chai ea selemo baemeli ka bomong e nyolohetse ho lilithara tse 8,5-9 likete ka selemo ho sa tsotellehe hore na mafura a lebese a ntse a lekana, ho fihlela ho 4%.

Photo

Photo "Black Motley" likhomo tse tsoalang:

Maemo a botlamuoa

Mefuta ena e na le bophelo bo botle haholo le maemo a macha.empa ho na le likarolo ho tse ling, e ke keng ea hlokomolohuoa:

  1. Kamore bakeng sa likhomo e lokela ho omellae-na le ventilation e ntle;
  2. Hlokomela! Draft ha ea lumelloa.

  3. Mariha, mocheso oa moea ha oa lokela ho oa ka tlase likhato tse 5;
  4. Leseli le letle e tšehetsa litho tsa liphoofolo ka pina e sebetsang;
  5. Leash ha ea lokela ho thibela ho falla le ho baka tšitiso ho phoofolo;
  6. Ho hloekisa ka ho feletseng - ntho e hlokahalang bakeng sa lintho tse nepahetseng.

Tšoara le ho fepa

Bakeng sa khōlo e tloaelehileng, ntshetsopele le kgolo, ho boloka ts'ebeletso e phahameng ha ho bohlokoa feela maemo a ho koalloaempa hape kemiso e hlakileng. Ho fepa le ho pata li lokela ho etsoa ka nako e le 'ngoe.. Ho hlekefetsoa ha puso ho lebisa ho fokotseha ha lihlahisoa tsa lebese.

Ho na le polelo ea hore lebese la khomo le lelemeng la hae, ka mantsoe a mang, ho hlahisa lebese ho itšetlehile ka hore na khomo ea rona e tletse. Lijo tsa phoofolo li lokela ho phekoloa ka hloko. Mariha khomo e hloka 3.5 lik'hilograma. furu ka lik'hilograma tse 100. litekanyo. Bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse ngata u tla hloka lijo tse monate ka tekanyo ea 2 kapa 3 kg. lebese le leng le le leng la litere.

Hlokomela! Ho fepa li-beetroot ho lebisa tlhokomelohangata ho fella ka lefu la phoofolo.

Tsoela pele litara tse lakatsehang tsa lebese le eketsehileng li tla hloka 150-200 dikgerama. phofo kapa branone, u se ke ua lebala ka mokelikeli oa letsoai o hlokahalang, 'me u o kenye ho lijo tse nang le foromo e sithabetseng ha ho bonolo haholo.

Lerumo le letsoai li kenyelelitsoe lijong tsa lehlabula. - E na le phello e ntle ea lihlahisoa tsa lebese. Lehlabuleng, likhomo li fumana ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe eo ue hlokang ho limela, ho kenyeletsa le livithamine tse hlokahalang.

E nako ea mariha dikahare tsa di-vithamine tsa dijo tse fokotsweng di fokotsehile haholo, bakeng sa matšeliso a bona indasteri e hlahisang vithamine e rarahaneng le phepo e nepahetseng.

Bakeng sa ho boloka lebese le tsitsitseng ha lea lokela ho ba hlokomoloha. Bakeng sa tlhaho ea tlhaho ea likhomo hloka metsi a mangata.

Haeba ho nosetsa ka mokhoa o itekanetseng ha ho eo, liphoofolo li lokela ho nosetswa hoseng le mantsiboeeng a nang le metsi a hloekileng mocheso oa mohatsela kapa mofuthu o mofuthu.

Maloetse

Bonyane hang ka beke Ho hloekisa khomo ka tšebeliso e khethehileng ea tšepe. Sena se tlameha ho etsoa ho boloka letlalo le hloekile, ho senya likokoana-hloko tse khonehang. Naha e akaretsang ea phoofolo e itšetlehile ka boemo ba litlhapi., ho hlokahala hore u li khaole ka nako. Hlokomela! Ka nako e nepahetseng le mekhoa ea thibelo ea thibelo e feletseng e tla fokotsa kotsi ea mafu.

Ho tsoala likhomo tse ntšo le tse tšoeu tse khetholloang ka bophelo bo botle ba tlhaho. Ena ke tšobotsi ea bohlokoa - hangata liphoofolo tse kulang tse nang le tšoaetso e sa fokoleng ha li khone ho boloka chai ea lebese boemong bo phahameng, empa ho qoba mafu ka kakaretso ha ho khonehe.

Tlhokomelo e nepahetseng, phepo e nepahetseng, thibelo ea nako e fokolang e fokotsa kotsi ea maloetse. Thibelo ea mafu e theko e tlaase, e nka nako e fokolang le boiteko ho bapisoa le phekolo.

Maloetse a likhomo a ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse peli: a tšoaetsanoang le a sa tšoaetsanoeng.

  1. Ho e tšoaetsanoang pheta maloetse a tšoaetsanoang a bakang likokoana-hloko, libaktheria, li-fungus le likokoana-hloko tse bakoang ke li-ticks le likokoana-hloko tse ka hare;
  2. Ho e seng e buuoang mafu a akaretsa mafu a liphoofolo tse nyenyane, chefo, maloetse a litho le mekhoa ea tlhaho.
Boholo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa likhomo ke: li-stomatitis tsa majoe, li-spongiform encephalopathy, likokoana-hloko tse tšoaetsanoang tse nang le tšoaetsano, feberu ea phula ea Rift, dermatitis ea nodula, lefu la seoa, leoto le molomo. Haeba ho na le mafu a seoa, ho khetholloa ho arohana.

E atile har'a liphoofolo lefuba, salmonellosis, leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, leukemia, brucellosis, dermatofibrosis. Tšebeletso ea naha ea bongaka ba liphoofolo e tsamaisa sampling ea mali ho khetholla liphoofolo tse kulang, tekanyo ena e fokotsa kotsi ea mafu a seoa le ho sireletsa bareki ba lihlahisoa tsa lebese ho tloha moo ho ka khonehang ho tšoaetsoa.

Hlokomela! U se ke ua leka ho itlhahloba haeba u se ngaka ea liphoofolo. Sheba setsebi.

Ho tsoala melao

Ho fumana likhomo tse atlehileng tse nang le lihlahisoa tse ntle tsa lebese le ka ntle, ho ba le bophelo bo botle ba moloko, bana ba liphoofolo ba nang le mekhoa e reretsoeng ba khethiloe.

Litšobotsi tsena tsohle tsa likhomo li fetisoa ka mokhoa o phethahetseng ka moeli oa boimana. Haeba ho na le liphoofolo tse seng kae, ho bonolo ho khetha tse ntlehali.

'Me ka mapolasing a maholo, litlaleho li bolokiloe hang ka mor'a ho tsoaloa. manamane a hlophisoa ka bophelo bo botle le ho hlahisa, ke liphoofolo tse phetseng hantle feela tse nang le lipontšo tsa batsoali ba nang le mefuta e metle le tse atlehang haholo tse lumelloa ho hlahisa.

Inbreeding ha e ratehale; e eketsa kotsi ea ho fokola bana.

Ho tsebahala ha mefuta ea likhomo tse batsho le tse bosoeu ho loketse, liphoofolo li ipakela likampong tse khōlō, Lihlahisoa tse phahameng tsa liphoofolo li nkela liphoofolo tse se nang mobu sebaka. Ts'ebeliso ena e babatsehang e na le bokamoso bo babatsehang.