Litloholo tsa likhomo

Haeba u rerile ho qala ho phehella likhomo tsa nama le lebese tseo ho neng ho ke ke ha e-ba thata hore li li hlokomele, li ke ke tsa hloka litšenyehelo tsa moruo bakeng sa tlhokomelo, empa ka nako e le 'ngoe li tla bontša mekhoa e metle ea tlhahiso ea lichelete, ela hloko mefuta ea likhomo tsa Tagil. Moloko ona ha o otle litlaleho holima leha e le efe ea lihlahisoa tsa tlhahiso, empa leha ho le joalo ke ka tlhokahalo e kholo ka ho fetisisa har'a lihoai ka lebaka la litšobotsi tse phahameng tsa boleng le lebese. Sehloohong sena re tla bua ka botlalo ka likhomo tse kang Tagil.

Histori ea tšimoloho

Sebopeho sa likhomo tsa Tagil se ile sa etsahala qetellong ea makholo a lilemo a XYIII le XIX, ka nako eo likhomo tsa Tagil tsa moo li ileng tsa tšeloa ka likhoka le likhomo tsa Kholmogory le Dutch. Nakong ea ho ikatisa, likhomo tsa Ural tsa moo li fumane lintlha tse tsotehang tsa milkiness 'me li fumane masapo a sa tsitsang le a tsotehang.

Hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore pele ho moo likhomo li hlahisitsoe sebakeng sa litoropo tsa mehleng eo li ne li khetholloa ke mekhoa e fokolang e fokolang hoo e ka bang likarolo tsohle tsa bohlokoa.

Na ua tseba? Ka karolelano khomo e etsa mekhatlo e ka bang likete tse 40 tsa ho hlafuna ka letsatsi, ka karolelano, e hlafuna lijo ho fihlela ho 40-45 linako tse ling ka motsotso.

Mefuta ea kajeno ea likhomo tsa Tagil e na le liphatsa tsa mefuta e mengata ea bahlahisi ba boleng bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa, ho kopanyelletsa le ba fokolang lirekoto le bahlophisi ba lipontšo tse ngata le litlhōlisano, empa karolo e 'ngoe ea mali a bona, e leng Ural ea pele, e fokolisa matla a bona.

Kajeno, likhomo tsena li nkoa e le genofodic (e bolokiloe e le mohloli oa data e ka sehloohong ea liphatsa tsa lefutso) mme e sebetsoa ka matla libakeng tsa Perm le Sverdlovsk.

Ponahalo le 'mele

Ponahalo ea baemeli ba mofuta ona e na le litšobotsi tse latelang:

• mofuta ona oa likhomo e etsahala hoo e ka bang mebala eohle e ka khonehang le e tsejoang bakeng sa botho ba liketso. Ka malapeng, motho a ka fumana e tšoeu, e le letheba, e ntšo, e khubelu, e ntšo le motley, e khubelu le motley, piebald, lihlooho tse bohlooho le tse sootho tsa Tagil. Kaofela ha tsona li na le matla a tloaelehileng a mokokotlo le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea sebopeho sa corset ea mesifa, eo ka bobeli e ka lulang hantle ka mokhoa o tsotehang 'me e etsa hore e be le maikutlo a matla, kapa e lutse ka mokotleng, e se e tsitsitse mokokotlong;
• ka karolelano bophahamo likhomoana tsena tse nyenyane li pona ho tloha ho tse 125 ho ea ho tse 130, ha boima ba mosali e moholo bo fihla ho hoo e ka bang 450-500 kilogramme, le banna - hoo e ka bang li-kilogram tse 750-900. Manamane a tsoaloa a boima ba lik'hilograma tse 30 ho ea ho tse 35, 'me ka mor'a likhoeli tse tšeletseng tsa bophelo ba fihla boima ba lik'hilograma tse 160-180;

Na ua tseba? Likhomo li na le libōpuoa tse sebetsang haholo 'me kamehla li atisa ho ba ka k'hamphani ea motho e mong. Haeba u bona hore khomo e leka ho ba mong, joale e ka 'na ea qala ho beleha kapa ho kula.

• hlooho ho bohle baemeli ba mefuta ea boholo bo boima, ho lekana le 'mele, ka mahlo le litsebe tse hlophisitsoeng hantle. Nko e kholo, e le mongobo, e arotsoe ka mehla e 'meli e lekanang le moeli o fetisisang. Molomo o batla o bataletse, ka melomo le meno e tsoetseng pele, e tsitsitseng kamehla. Molala o telele 'me o le mosesaane, o kopanya torso ka hlooho ea 45-50 °;
• torso e matla haholo sefuba - ka bophara, e nang le karolo e ka hare, ka linako tse ling karolo ea eona e tlaase e fokotseha hanyane ho feta mpa. Ka mpa ha ho mohla li-bulges, tse phunyeletsoang le tse pota-potileng, ka tlaase ho moo li se li koahetsoe ka boea, li kena ka lehlakoreng le leng la 180 °. Sekhahla - se sebakeng se shebahalang hantle, se nang le lilithara tse 6 ho isa ho tse 8, se behiloe hantle ka makhethe, se koahetsoe ke letlalo le lekaneng le le boima;
• ka morao - e otlolohileng, e bataletseng, e pharaletseng, e na le moelelo o hlalositsoeng ka ho hlaka, o thehiloeng ho tsoa ho li-spinous ts'ebetso ea vertebrae, o fetela mohatleng ka lehlakoreng la 180 °. Mohatla - o fihla moeling oa karolo e ka tlaase ho ea boraro ea maoto a likhama, e tsoetseng pele, e matla, e teteaneng, e na le brush e kholo qetellong, e etselitsoeng ho qhala likokoanyana. Lithako - tse khopameng hanyenyane, tse ka lehlakoreng le lenyenyane le lekaneng le mobu, hangata ho na le ho fokola ha li-valgus tsa maoto le pele le maoto;
• lipoho ba apara linaka tse nyane tse 5-8 cm, tse seng li sa sebelisoe e le sebetsa, basali ba batla ba phunyeletse ka ho feletseng (hornless). Hoo e batlang e le 'mele oohle oa khomo ea Tagil, ntle le nko, manaka le karolo e nyane ea mpa e ka tlase, e koahetsoe ke bonolo, e khutšoanyane, e monate ho ea holimo, seaparo se nang le mahlahahlaha. Hooves - e matla, e teteaneng (ho fihlela ho lisenthimithara tse 10 ho isa ho tse 15), hangata e le mongobo o lefifi, o paililoe.

Litšobotsi tsa nama le tsa lebese

Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, mohlape ona oa likhomo ha o senye litlaleho tsa likarolo tse ling tsa mefuta ea liphoofolo, empa ka kakaretso, liphoofolo tsena li bontša hore li matla haholo ebile li kholisehile ka liphello tsohle tse hlokahalang.

Ke habohlokoa! Ha u reka khomo ea Tagil, pele ho tsohle u ele hloko mokokotlo oa eona, likarolo tse ling tsohle li fapane ebile li itšetlehile ka liphetoho ka bomong.

Tsena ke lintlha tsohle tse hlokahalang:

• karolelano ea lebese ka kakaretso - 3500-4000 lik'hilograma;
• lisebelisoa tsa ho tsamaisa - + 30-50% ea lipontšo tsa pele, pele ho likhoeli tse 3-5;
• palo ea lebese le hlokoang ka letsatsi - 2;
• mafura a lebese - 4-4.5%;
• lebese la protheine ea lebese - 3-3.5%;
• lisebelisoa tsa organoleptic tsa lebese - 8/10 (ho na le tatso e fokolang ea joang bo botala, e leng habonolo e felisoa ka ho pheha);
• nama ea matla ea boima ba 'mele - +150 kg bakeng sa likhoeli tse 6;
• boima ba setopo pele se fetela likarolo tsa eona - likhomo ke 400-450 lik'hilograma; lipoho - 700-850 lik'hilograma;
• tlhahiso ea nama ea polao - 53-60%;
• litho tsa organoleptic tsa nama - 7/10 (haholo ho itšetlehile ka lilemo tsa phoofolo e hlabiloeng le tsela ea eona ea bophelo).

Matla le mefokolo

Ho akaretsa, re ka re mofuta ona oa likhomo ke o mong oa mekhoa e metle ka ho fetisisa ea ho ikatisa ka beng bao ba sa kang ba etsa qeto ea hore na ke mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa lebese le lebese leo ba batlang ho ba le oona liphoofolong tse hōlisitsoeng polasing ea bona.

Mefuta ea likhomo tsa lebese le tsa lebese le tsona li kenyeletsa tse kang Simmental, Bestuzhevskaya, lekhoba la Caucasus, Sychevskaya, Schwyzka, Yakut mini-cow, Krasnogorbatovskaya.

Makhetlo a mangata ka holimo ho mekhahlelo ea lik'hamphani e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ba etsa likhomo tsa bokahohleng tse ka khotsofatsang beng ba bona ba batlang ka ho fetisisa.

Mona ke lethathamo la matla a mofuta ona:

• tlhaho ea bokahohleng linthong tsa nama le tsa lebese: litekanyetso tse phahameng ho feta tsa lebese linthong tsa nama, le nama ho feta lebese;
• likhomo li na le tekanyo e phahameng ea ho aba le pontšo e ntle ea bongata;
• tefo e nyenyane ea theko ea moemeli oa mefuta e tšoanang (lidolara tse 800-1000);
• ha ho hlokahale hore motho a hlokomele ka hloko liphoofolo tsena, e sa ba thibeleng ho shebahala hantle le ho shebahala hantle;
• ha ho hlokahale hore ba hahe kamore e le 'ngoe bakeng sa ho boloka likhomo tse joalo, ba phela ka mokhoa o phethahetseng le mefuta e meng ea liphoofolo;
• Ho hang ha ho mohla o hlaselang batho, liphoofolo tse ling le beng ka bona;
• ho mamella maemo a sehlōhō, a batang, a leboea 'me a fetoleloa hantle ho lekhulo le futsanehileng;
• mefuta ea morao-rao e felisitse bothata ka ho utloahala ho hang ha ho moo ho utloahalang ho tsoa ho baemeli ba mehlape ea libaka tsa Ural;
• monko o motle haholo, ka lebaka la khomo e ka tsamaeang ho pholletsa le merung, hoo e ka bang ntle le ho sebelisa mahlo;
• u se ke ua lahleheloa ke matla a ho ikatisa ho pholletsa le hoo e ka bang bophelo bohle ba bona.

• hanyenyane ea litlama ka lebese le monate;
• li-protein tse fokolang haholo ka lebese le mafura a tlase;
• ho itšetleha ka ho latsoa nama ea baemeli ba hlabiloeng ba mefuta ea bona ka lilemo tsa bona, phepo e nepahetseng le ts'ebetsong ea lik'hemik'hale;
• mefokolo e nyenyane e ka ntle (boteng ba libaka tse sa koahetsoeng 'meleng, mahlo a mahlo a khabisitsoeng, maoto a mabeli, a sa bonahaleng molaleng, joalo-joalo);
• ho se amohelehe ha mefuta e ka ntle ho Li-urals, 'me, ka hona, ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho e fumana moo;
• Komolost e thibela baemeli ba mefuta eo hore ba se ke ba itšireletsa ho liphoofolo tse fapa-fapaneng nakong ea ho jula;
• lefa le feletseng la likarolo tsohle tse mpe tsa ponahalo le tlhahiso ea batsoali ho isa ho bana (leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa toka, hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore lintho tsohle tse ntle le tsona li futsitsoe ka ho feletseng);
• Mathata a ho fula mohlapeng, moetlo bakeng sa likhomo sebakeng se fanoeng, ha e mong le e mong oa baemeli ba leka ho tsamaea ka tsela ea hae, o bolokiloe.

Ke habohlokoa! Nama ea mefuta ea likhomo ea Tagil e iponahatsa hantle haholo e le sesebelisoa sa pickling, kebabs le mefuta e meng ea ho chesa mefuta e mengata. Lebese le hlahisa lijo tse monate, li-cottage chisi, tranelate e bolila le tranelate.

Tsena ke lintlha tse ka sehloohong tsa baemeli ba likhomo tsa Tagil. Ka lebaka la boikokobetso ba bona le litšoaneleho tse babatsehang, mefuta ena e tla u thusa ho fumana phaello e ntle ea ho ikatisa.