Litapole tsa malapa "Cornflower": tlhaloso ea mefuta-futa, litšobotsi, lifoto

Tlhōlo e 'ngoe ea malapeng lefapheng la ho ikatisa e fetohile phetoho e loketseng, e fumanoang USSR, Sineglazka, Gypsy le Chugunka.

Ntle le lits'ebetso tse ntle tsa ts'ebetso, mefuta e fapa-fapaneng e fapane hantle le ea batho ba eona ka lintho tsa eona tse ruileng tsa lintho tse molemo le ho itšireletsa mafung a mangata.

Tlhaloso e qaqileng ea mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea Cornflower, litšoaneleho tsa eona tse ka sehloohong le likarolo tse ling tsa mahlakore a marang-rang, likhahla tsa temo ea litapole le phallo ea maloetse ke tsena tsohle le ho hanyenyane haholoanyane sehloohong.

Tlhaloso e fapaneng ea Cornflower

1. Nako ea ho butsoa ke matsatsi a 70-90 (bohareng ba pele).



2. Ho ea tafoleng e sa tšoaneng.
3. Li sebelisoa lijong tsa lijo le bana.
4. E na le livithamine tse ngata C, E.
5. Tse fapa-fapaneng ke tsa bohlokoa haholo ka lebaka la boteng ba carotenoids ka tubers.

Carotenoids ke limela tsa tlhaho tsa tlhaho tse entsoeng nakong ea li-photosynthesis. Etsa mosebetsi oa li-antioxidants 'meleng oa motho.

Li-antioxidants li tloaeleletsa ho sebetsa ha litho tsa 'mele, letlalo, li-membrane. Sireletsa 'mele ho tsoa maloetse a fungal, libaktheria.

• Sefofane sa mofuta oa limela. E etselitsoe ho ja sopho e entsoeng ka litapole, litapole tse pentiloeng, ho pheha le ho monya.
• Tatso ke e babatsehang.
• Karolelano ea starch ka karolelano ke 12,6-16%.
• Ho khoneha karolelano e phahameng ea chai ea khoebo. Boipheliso bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa sebakeng sa Moscow ke ba 182 ba litapole ka hektare.
• E na le tšobotsi e ntle ea ho boloka boleng, eseng ka tlaase ho 96%.
• Tšireletso ea mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea maruo 70-94%.
• Ka karolelano kutloisiso ea mefuta e sa tsoaneng ho khatello ea kelello.

Ho ea ka lipatlisiso tsa bongaka tse entsoeng likliniki tsa Amerika, tšebeliso ea lijana tsa litapole tse pherese e thibela ntshetsopele ea kankere, ho thehoa ha plaque ea k'holeseterole, ho matlafatsa methapo ea mali le ho tšehetsa mesifa ea pelo.

Ka tafole e ka tlase o ka tseba litlhoko tse kang boleng le lihlahisoa tsa litapole tsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng:

Litapole tsa tsena tse fapa-fapaneng li bolokiloe hantle. Bala ho eketsehileng ka nako ea nako, mocheso le polokelo. Hape, mabapi le ho boloka metso nakong ea mariha, ka le foranteng, ka likontiri, ka sehatsetsing, ho phunyeletsoeng.

Litšobotsi

• Bush ea bophahamo ba bohareng, mofuta oa lipakeng tse ka hare.
• Makhasi a tala a tala a hlakileng a lekaneng. Semela e matla, e tala e tala;
• Corolla ea lipalesa tse nyenyane tse khubelu-violet kapa li-blue-purple;
• Mobala oa Anthocyanin ka lehlakoreng le ka hare ho tloha ho fokolang ho ea bohareng.
  Anthocyanins ke taba ea tlhaho ea mebala. E apere boputsoa, ​​pherese, lipalesa tse khubelu, peel le nama ea litholoana.
• Peel e khanyang, e bitsoa pherese, e ntle haholo.
• Boima ba boima ba tuber ea khoebo ke 77-115g. Sehlahla se seng se na le li-tubers tse 15.
• Nama e tšoeu, e monate ka ho etsoa. Tsela e tsitsitseng e teteaneng, e bonolo, e mahareng ea mealy le metsi.
• Nakong ea phekolo ea mocheso, mmala o pherese oa peel oa nyamela.
• Mahlo a le monyenyane, ka ntle feela.
• Lisebelisuoa tsa peo li bofubelu bo nang le botala bo botala. Limela li tletse pherese.

U ka bapisa letšoao lena la palo ea li-tubers le tse ling tsa mefuta e meng, u sebelisa tafoleng e ka tlase:

Photo

Setšoantšo sena se bontša mefuta e mengata ea litapole tsa Cornflower:

Photo: Natalia Smirnova, mohlophisi o leboha tumello ea ho sebelisa setšoantšo.

Mafu a ho hanyetsa

1. Tekanyo e phahameng ea botsitso mefuta e sa tšoaneng ho phytophthora ea makhasi le tubers, kankere ea litapole;
2. E se ke ea hlaseloa ka bolila bo koahetsoeng, e khabisitsoeng ka mosa;
3. Ka boikokobetso e ile ea ama ring, e omeletseng, e tloaelehileng;
4. Mefuta e fapa-fapaneng e ka hlaseloa ke litapole tse entsoeng ka khauta ea nematode.

Bala hape ka Alternaria, Fusarium, Verticillis.

Likarolo tsa litapole

Tsela e sa tšoaneng ka sebōpeho, boholo, mahlaseli a sesepa a loketse ho hloekisa le ho boloka. Ho ka 'na ha hlokomeloa ho ba teng ha carotenoids.

Tšimoloho

Motheo oa Litapole - litholoana tsa mosebetsi oa lilemo tse hlano oa bo-rasaense ba Russia. E fumanoa ka ho tšela Chugunka e fapa-fapaneng le lebasetere D-31-88. Ngodisitsweng ho ngodisitsweng ya Russia Federation e le ho finyella kgetho ea 2014 tlas'a No. 9253214.

Moqapi, moqapi, mohlokomeli oa patent ea mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea litapole Cornflower ke Setsi sa Lipatlisiso Tsohle sa Russia sa Potapo Farm (VNIIKH) e bitsoa ka morao. A.G. Lorkha Russian Agricultural Academy.

Mefuta e fapa-fapaneng e khothalletsoa ho lengoa ho Bohareng, Bohareng ba Lefatše le Letšo, Bophirimela-Bophirimela ho Russia mapolasing a tlaase.

Liphuputso li bontšitse hore 'mala tubers e noa nitrate e nyenyane ho feta mebala e sa tšoaneng ea setso. Ka nako e ts'oanang, palo ea starch le liprotheine ha e fokotsehe, 'me li-vithamine li eketseha.

Ka litapole tse peli tse bohareng ba mebala ea 'mala oa vithamine C haholo ho feta lemon le le leng.

Agrotechnology

Mefuta e mengata ea ho hlahisa limela tsa litapole ka mefuta e mengata.

Khetho ea peo

Bakeng sa ho thibela mafu a litapole nematode ke habohlokoa lokisetsa peo ea boleng bo phahameng.

1. Bakeng sa ho lema, bophelo bo botle, esita le li-tubers tse se nang khōlo, tšenyo e boima ba 50-75 g e khethiloe;
2. Felisa li-tubers ka tharollo e nang le metsi a koporo ea sulfate (khabapo ea nkhong ea metsi);
3. E omisitsoe, e behiloe leseling ka lehlakoreng le le leng bakeng sa ho mela.

Mobu le morero

Mefuta ea litapole Cornflower e khetha libaka tsa letsatsi, e sirelelitsoe meeeng e matla. Ho fana ka lipeo ka mocheso o motle, maemo a phefumolohang ho cheka mobu ha o lema habeli - hoetla le selemo.

E le hore mobu o boima o be o loketseng ho hōla litapole tsa cornflower li tlisa lintho tse ngata tsa manyolo.

Sebakeng sa marate-peat, mobu o tlisa kotulo feela ka mor'a hore mosebetsi o khutlisetsoe hape.

Latela puso ea potoloho ea lijalo. Jala ka mefuta e fapa-fapaneng kamora ho hōla sideratov, lijalo tsa motso, k'habeche, likomkomere, mokopu le limela.

Peo ea peō, ho itšetlehile ka boima ba tubers, e lenngoeng ho latela mekhoa e latelang: 70x20 cm, 60x25 cm, 60x30 cm.

Litaelo tsa tlhokomelo

• Matsatsi a 14-15 ka mor'a hore lema le lokise li-aisles ka botebo ba 8 cm;
• Ha litlhōrō li fihla bophahamong ba lisenthimithara tse 15, ho khanya ha pele ho etsoa. Kamora ho fela ha likheo pakeng tsa lihlahla tse fetang tse kholo - ea bobeli;
• Nakong ea leholimo le omileng, ho nosetsa tse tharo ho hlokahala nakong ea nako ea kgolo. Ho sebelisoa ho fihlela ho lilithara tse 3 tsa metsi ka morung;
• Nako le nako mofoka kapa litlhaka.

Bala hape ho lingoliloeng tsa rona tse thahasellisang ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng tsa ho lema litapole.

Ho fumana kotulo e ntle mekotleng, mekotla kapa ho sebelisa theknoloji ea Dutch.

Bala hape mabapi le ho lengoa ha mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea pele, ntle le weeding le hilling, tlas'a lehlaka, ka mabokoseng a se nang tlase.

Thibelo ea maloetse le phepo

E le ho thibela phytophthora ka makhetlo a mararo nakong ea ho hōla nako, tse fapa-fapaneng e tšoaroa ka koporo-e nang litokisetso.

Ha e le li-menontsha, kamora ho lema, li fepe ka 10% ea li-droppings solution, tharollo ea urea (tepopo ka nkho ea metsi), manyolo (lithapo ka manyolo ka sekotlolo sa metsi), le litlama tsa litlama.

Bala ka ho eketsehileng ka mokhoa oa ho fepa litapole, hore na o tla sebelisa joang manyolo le hore na u ka o etsa joang ha u lema.

Ho loantša Colorado maleshoane le ho apara lilibeng ha u lema o ne o beha matsoho a molora o kopantsoeng le mobu.

Ho senya larvae le maleshoane a sebelisa molora lengana tincture.

• Fokotsa liatla tse 3 tse nyenyane tsa lengana;
• Tšela metsi a phehile;
• Eketsa khalase ea molora;
• Hlohlelletsa, lumella ho brew bakeng sa lihora tse 3-4, filthara;
• E silafatsoa hoseng kapa mantsiboea.

Ho phaella ho menontsha ho lengoang litapole hangata ho sebelisoa, le lithethefatsi tse ling le lik'hemik'hale.

Re u fa sehlooho se molemo ka melemo le likotsi tsa fungicides le likokoana-hloko.

Le hoja litapole tsa cornflower li se li le monyenyane o ratile tatso, mefuta ea lijo le botle ba tuber. O ntse a tsoela pele ka mebala ea mefuta e mengata e tloaelehileng ea buluse le e pherese.

Ka tlase tafoleng u tla fumana li-link tsa lisebelisoa tsa litapole tse nang le mantsoe a fapaneng a ho butsoa: