Powderyypew (ashtray) - e leng lefu la semela le hlahisoang ke fungus ea microscopic, hangata e baka kotsi ho lijalo tsa likomkomere tse futhumetseng le mobu o bulehileng. Fungus e ikarabellang bakeng sa ts'oaetso ea semela sena ke Oidium erysiphoides. Mycelium hangata e hlaha ka June, pele e ama makhasi, joale makala, litholoana. Kalafo e qalileng ka nako le mehato ea thibelo e thusa ho boloka kotulo le ho bokella litholoana.
Mofuthu o shebahala joang likomkomere?
Ho bonolo ho lemoha lefu lena likomkomere ka matšoao a latelang a sebopeho:
- matlapa a manyane a masoeu kapa a bofubelu holim'a makhapetla a makhasi a tlase;
- letlapa ho petioles, stems;
- boholo ba matheba bo eketseha, bo kopane;
- makhapetla a makhasi, a hlaha lerōleng le lesoeu;
- matheba a fetoha 'mala hore o be putsoa;
- li-plates li sotha, li omella kapele;
- litholoana li senyehile, li halikiloe;
- letlobo le omme, le fifetse.
Li-spores tsa fungus li shebahala joalo ka libolo tse nyane tse sootho. Microclimate e nang le mongobo ntlong ea sethopo e etsa maemo a matle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa kholo ea eona. Ka hona, likomkomere li na le tšoaetso ea mafu. Li-fungus li hibernates hangata merohong e tlatsitsoeng hoetla. Ha ho qala ho futhumala nakong ea selemo, ea tsoha, e leketlisa holim'a lipoleiti tsa makhasi, e noe lero la tsona. Li-spores tsa eona li mela ka potlako, mongobo o le holimo, o potlaka - matsatsi a 3-7.
Peronosporosis (downy hlobo), e bakoang ke fungus - Pseudoperonospora cubensis. E tšoauoa ka matheba a maputsoa a 'mala o moputsoa o nang le makhapetla makhasi. Ebe li fetoha lioli, tse sootho. Ka tlase ho lipoleiti ho na le boea bo bosehla bo bosoeu bo bofubelu. Matsatsi a 'maloa hamorao, makhasi a omella.
Haeba mehato ea taolo e sa nkuoe, lihlahla li tla shoa kapele.
Mabaka a ho bonahala ha fungus ke ona: pula, leholimo le mocheso, ho futhumala ha mocheso, masimo a teteaneng, mobu o nang le naetrojene e ngata, o nosetsa khafetsa ka metsi a batang, lehola le sa hloekang la libethe.
Thibelo ea phofo ea hlobo ka likomkomere
Ho thibela bokuli, balemi ba lirapa ba lokela ho latela melao ea mantlha:
- jala likomkomere mohoanto o le mong ka nako ea lilemo tse 'ne (ho potoloha hoa lijalo);
- tlosa masalla a mofoka khafetsa;
- ka hoetla ho etsa disinfection ea mobu ka potasiamo permanganate;
- tshwara dipeo ka Grandsil, Trichodermin.
- ka sethopo ho boloka mocheso o kaholimo ho +20 ° C;
- nosetsa lihlahla tlas'a motso ka metsi a futhumetseng;
- fafatsa ka litokisetso tse khethehileng (Quadris);
- ho fepa meroho ka tekano;
- nosetsa, u se ke ua oela makhasi le lithupa;
- Se ke ua lema meroho libakeng tse tlase, meriti;
- lipeo tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko;
- manyolo ka tekano.
Lipeo li ka fafatsoa bakeng sa thibelo le Topaz, Strobi, manganese. Limela ha li hloke ho lengoa haufi le tse ling ho potoloha moea, ho seng joalo li-fungus li tla hasana kapele ho lihlahla tse ling kaofela.
Ntoa khahlanong le powdery hlobo ho likomkomere
Bakeng sa ho lemoha ponahalo ea fungus ka nako, o hloka ho hlahloba lihlahla khafetsa. Qalong ea lefu lena, ho le felisa ho bonolo haholo.
Haeba fungus e fumanoa, ho nosetsa le ho apesa limela ka holimo hoa emisoa, lihlahla tse nang le tšoaetso lia tlosoa ebe li chesoa hammoho le motso. Haeba polasetiki e ntse e le ka tlasa makhasi, e khaoloa le ho senngoa. Hloka lehola, tlosa likarolo tsa khale, tse kulang, khaola makhasi a lipalesa. Mekhoa e sebetsang ea kalafo ke ea setso kapa li-fungicides.
Litokisetso tsa likokoana-hloko lia tsebahala: Albit, Alirin-B, Gamair, Tiovit Jet. Ha li na chefo, ha li utloise limela bohloko. Li boetse li sebelisetsoa thibelo maemong a fapaneng a ntlafatso.
Powdery hlobo kapa peronosporosis e timetsoa feela ka mekhoa ea lik'hemik'hale: HOM, Abiga-Peak, Ordan, Quadris, Consento, Previkur.
Mefuta ea litlama bakeng sa phofshoana e nang le phofo ho likomkomere
Boemong ba pele ba lefu lena, mekhoa ea setso ea ntoa e sebetsa hantle. Ho felisa fungus, lihlahla li fafatsoa ka tharollo e lokiselitsoeng, haholo mantsiboea:
Mekhoa | Ho pheha | Kopo, khafetsa |
| Sesepa le lebese | Lita e le 'ngoe ea lebese, marotholi a iodine a 25, grated ea 20 g ea sesepa se hlatsoitsoeng. | Hang ka matsatsi a mang le a mang a leshome. |
| Lebese Whey | E kopantsoe le metsi 1:10, ho fihlela e boreleli. | Makhetlo a 3, nako ea matsatsi a 3. |
| Manyolo a na le metso | E kopantsoe le metsi (1: 3), tsitlella matsatsi a 3. | Makhetlo a 3 ka matsatsi a mang le a mang a 7. |
| Mofoka | Joang bo tsoang serapeng bo tšolloa ka metsi a chesang (1: 1). Kamora matsatsi a 3, sefahleho. | Letsatsi le letsatsi. |
| Soda molora le sesepa | Soda 25 g e kopantsoe le 5 l ea metsi a chesang, eketsa 5 g ea sesepa se metsi. | Makhetlo a 2 ka letsatsi le karohano ea beke. |
| Molora oa lehong | Sepa e nang le grated e kopantsoe le 200 g ea molora, tšela metsi a futhumetseng. | Bekeng e 'ngoe le e' ngoe. |
| Garlic | Tšela metsi ka konofolo, tsitlella lihora tse 12. | Libeke tse 2. |
| Mosetareta | Mustard phofo e hlapolloa ka lilithara tse 10 tsa metsi a futhumetseng. | Nako le nako ka matsatsi a 7 makhetlo a 3. |
| Potasiamo permanganate | Sekoti sa metsi le 2 g ea ntho. | Libeke tse 2. |
| Li-Horse | Kilo e 1 ea limela tse ncha e tšolloa ka lilithara tse 10 tsa mokelikeli o chesang. Kamora letsatsi, pheha lihora tse peli, sefaha, hlapolleloe ka metsi 1: 5. | Ka makhetlo a mararo ka mor'a matsatsi a 5. |
Lik'hemik'hale tsa Powdery Mildew ho Likomkomere
Maemong a tsoetseng pele, ho sebelisoa lik'hemik'hale; kamora kalafo, meroho ha ea lokela ho jeoa matsatsi a ka bang 20.
Lithethefatsi | Feature | Kopo |
| Topaz | Matla a ho fetoha hoa mocheso. Motsoako o sebetsang ke penconazole. Kotsi ho batho le liphoofolo. | Ho 10 l e ngoe ampoule. Fafatsa tse ling le tse ling ka tharollo e ncha, tse ling kaofela lia tšeloa. |
| E etselitsoe KE | Inhibits sporulation, e sebetsa kamora lihora tse 2-3. E etsa mokelikeli o sireletsang o nkang libeke tse peli. | Hlatsoa 40 g, ka ho ya ka 10 a etsang dilitara tse metsi. |
| Bayleton | Fungicide ea mefuta e mengata ea mesebetsi, e sebetsang ka mor'a lihora tse 4, ho tloha libeke tse peli ho isa ho likhoeli tse peli. | Grama e le 'ngoe ka litha e le nngwe tsa metsi. |
| Rayek | Motsoako o sebetsang ke diphenoconazole. Hang-hang o senya li-fungus tsa fungal. Phello ha ea itšetleha ka boemo ba leholimo. | Millilita ka litha e le nngwe tsa metsi. |
| Oksihom | Lithako tse sebetsang ke oxychloride le oxadixyl. | 30 g, ka ho ya ka 10 l ea metsi, a phekoloa makhetlo a 3 le nako ea matsatsi a 10-12. |
| Fundazole | Ntho e sebetsang ke benomyl, e khahlanong le ho hlahisa li-mushroom. | 1 g e hlapolotsoe ka metsi a manyane, ebe e eketsoa ho litara e le 1. |
| Blue vitriol | Ho chefo, ho senya lisele tsa fungus le libaktheria. | 100 g soda le vitriol 75 g le 10 l ea metsi li tsoakiloe. |
| Sebabole sa Colloidal | E bolokehile bakeng sa batho le liphoofolo, empa e hloka ho latela litaelo. E sebetsoa ka mocheso oa + 27 ... +32 ° C. | Sulphur 20-30 g e tsoakane le 10 l ea metsi. |
Mong Dachnik o khothaletsa: mefuta e sa tsoaneng ea likomkomere tse loantšang phofo ea hlobo
E le hore sejalo se se ke sa utloa bohloko, balemi ba lirapa ba khetha mefuta e sa tsoaneng le phofo ea hlobo le mafu a mang. Li-hybrids tsa Partenocarpic li se li ratoa haholo, li mamella phapang ea mocheso hantle, ha li hloke peo ea limela, li hola maemong a la sethopo le mobung o bulehileng. Tsena li kenyeletsa:
- Regina Plus F1;
- Arina F1;
- Fervor F1;
- Adam F1;
- Alex F1;
- Herman
- Cupid
- Mmesa
- Setsebi
Li-hybrids tsa linotši
- Mohoebi;
- Goosebump F1;
- Fontanel;
- Natalie
- Phoenix Plus;
- Delicatessen;
- Yerofey;
- Nezhinsky.
Mefuta e sa tsoa tsoaloa:
- Zhukovsky;
- Whim;
- Bonny.
Mehato ea thibelo le mefuta e sa fetoleheng ea likomkomere li tla thusa ho qoba mafu a fungal le ho fumana kotulo e ntle.
