Nako e omileng e ka bitsoa "phomolo" kapa "phomolo" bakeng sa khomo ho tloha ka boikarabelo bo ka sehloohong ba ho fana ka lebese. Leha ho le joalo, sethaleng sena ke habohlokoa haholo ho tšoaea tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea lebese, calving e atlehileng, tsoalo ea bana ba phelang hantle le ba matla. Ka hona, likhomo tse omeletseng li hloka tlhokomelo e eketsehileng ho feta linako tse ling. E 'ngoe ea likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa ho hlokomela liphoofolo ho bafu ke ho fepa. Re tla tšohla bohlokoa ba lijo le mokhatlo oa tsona o hlophisitsoeng hantle.
Nako e omeletseng ke eng, hona e nka nako e kae bakeng sa likhomo?
Nako e omileng ke likhoeli tse peli tsa ho qetela tsa bokhachane tseo ho ts'oaroang ho li emang. Bakeng sa batho ba fapaneng, nako ena e ka nka matsatsi a 45 ho isa ho a 70. Banana ba banyenyane kapa ba fokolang ba hloka nako e eketsehileng pele ba bokella. 
Nako e khutsoanyane e ama bophelo bo botle ba khomo, boemo ba lesea le lesea le lihlahisoa tsa lebese nakong e tlang, 'me nako e telele e baka tšenyo ea moruo tlhahiso kapa polasing.
Na ua tseba? Nakong ea bokhachane, popelo ea khomo e eketseha ka makhetlo a 20 le ka nako ea tsoalo ea lesea, bolelele ba eona bo ka bang 100 cm.
Ho ima ha khomo, hammoho le motho, ho nka likhoeli tse 9, ha karolo ea boraro ea boraro ea nako ea bokhachane boimana bo batla bo sa amohelehe. Ke likhoeling tse qetellang ho eketseha ho hoholo ha kholo ea fetal - nakong ena, namane ea nakong e tlang e eketsa boima ba 'mele ka 75-80%, e leng eona e etsang moroalo o boima phoofolo ka boeona.
Ka likhomo tse omeletseng, likhomo li emisoa, 'me limatlafatsi tsohle tse neng li kentsoe ka lebese li se li lebisitsoe ho kholo le nts'etsopele ea lesea. Nako e omileng e arotsoe ka nako ea pele (matsatsing a 40 a pele) le morao, ke hore, nako ea ho fetela (hoo e ka bang libeke tse 3 pele ho calving). Litlhoko tsa phepo le phepo li fapana le likarolo tsena.
Lihlahisoa tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa likhomo tsa lebese li kenyeletsa tse kang Yaroslavl, Ayrshire, serpeng e khubelu.
Bohlokoa ba phepo e nepahetseng ea likhomo tsa moimana
Nakong ea boimana, haholo nakong ea ho qetela, khomo e sebelisa mehloli ea limatlafatsi, diminerale le livithamine. Likhoeli tse peli pele ho calving, liphoofolo tsa metabolism li potlakisa haholo (liprotheine, lipid, lik'habohaedreite le diminerale). 
Nakong ea calving, e tšehali e lokela ho feptjoa hantle - likhoeli tse peli tsa lehong le shoeleng, boima ba khomo bo lokela ho eketseha ka karolelano ea 10-12%, ke hore, haeba phoofolo e lekanang lik'hilograma tse 550 ka nako ea calving, boima bo lokela ho eketseha ka 55-65 lik'hilograma. Empa leha ho le joalo ha ea lokela ho lumella botenya ba phoofolo!
Mefuta e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea nama ea likhomo e kenyelletsa Hereford, Belgian, Aberdeen-Angus, Highland.
Ho fepa ka nepo nako e omileng ho u thusa hore u atlehe ho rarolla mathata a joalo:
- tsosoloso ea boima bo phelang, ho bokellana ha chelete e hlokahalang ea limatlafatsi;
- ho fumana bana ba phetseng hantle, ba matla, ba atlehang;
- ho fumana tlhahiso e phahameng ea lebese ea khomo;
- thibelo ea mathata a mangata a tloaelehileng, a postpartum le a mang: mastitis, indigestion, postpartum paresis, joalo-joalo;
- ho matlafatsa tsamaiso ea methapo ea pelo, ea pelo ea pelo, ea endocrine;
- tsosoloso ea 'mele oa phoofolo nakong ea lactation;
- tlhahiso ea colostrum e phahameng, ea bohlokoa bakeng sa lesea matsatsing a pele;
- tsoalo e eketsehileng ea ho latela.
Na ua tseba? Bohle baemeli ba likhomo ba batla ba sa khetholle mebala. Ka lebaka leo, karabelo ea poho ho ea bofubelu bo bofubelu ha e hlalosloe ke eona, empa ke eona e tsamaeang moeeng.
Likarolo tsa lijo le pheko ea ho fepa likhomo tse omeletseng
Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, lehong le shoeleng le arotsoe likarolo tse peli tse kholo: mathoasong le morao (transit), e qetellang ka ho toba ka ho bokella. Nete ea khomo likarolong tsohle e tla fapana. Ho feta moo, lijo tsa phoofolo li lokela ho fetoloa e le hore lehong le shoeleng le qale. 
Nakong ea bafu ba pele, khaello ea khomo e tšehali e na le furu ea lijo-thollo le li-multivitamine, nakong ea ho shoa ha omello e omileng le matsatsi a pele ka mor'a ho khaola, silage le lijo tse ling tse kenngoeng furu.
Palo ea feedings ka letsatsi ke makhetlo a 2-3, 'me tekanyo ea letsatsi le letsatsi e lokela ho baloa ho itšetlehile ka litšobotsi tsa motho ka mong:
- Boima ba 'mele Bakeng sa boima bo bong le bo bong ba lik'hilograma tse 100, ho na le ntho e le '
- Tlhahiso Bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa lebese tse likete tse hlokahalang, ho hlokahala hore e be le lijo tse lekaneng.
- Mafura. Ho eketsa mafura, litekanyetso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi li eketseha ka lihlopha tsa fepa tse 1-2.
Nakong ea pele (matsatsi a 60-21 pele ho calving)
Nako e omileng e qala ka ho qalisoa - ho khaotsa ho tsuba le ho fetisa ha phoofolo ka nakoana ho ea ho lijo tse ncha. Sena se bolela hore ka matsatsi a 7-12 khomo e hloka ho fetisetsoa lijo tse ncha. Batho ba tlase ba behang litholoana, tlhahiso ea pele e hlaha ka boithaopo; bakeng sa liphoofolo tse hlahisang haholo, ho ba le karolo ea batho ho tla hlokahala.
Ntlha ea pele, lijo tsa motšehare li emisa, joale lebese le lokela ho fuoa ka ho feletseng, le khaotse ho etsa mahlaseli a mafura. Matsatsi a 14 pele ho bafu ba qala, o lokela ho fokotsa boholo ba silage nakong ea ho ja ka 20%, ebe butle-butle tlosa lijo tse monate tse tsoang lijong (joang, litlhōrō, silage le lijalo tsa motsoako). 
Haeba beke pele ho qala ho omella, lebese le hlahisoang ha le fokotsoe kapa le fokotsehile hanyenyane, ho hlokahala hore ho tlosoe lijo tse nang le lijo tse tsoang lijong. Ho seng joalo, sena ha se hlokahale.
Ke habohlokoa! U ka thibela ho tsuba le ho qala nako e omileng ka thuso ea lithethefatsi tse joalo: Orbesil, Gamaret, Orbenin le ba bang. Empa tšebeliso ea bona e tlameha ho lumellana le ngaka ea bongaka!
Lijo tsa mehleng ea pele li reretsoe ho fokotsa le ho thibela tlhahiso ea lebese, ho tlatsa 'mele oa likhomo ka liminerale le li-vithamine. Ka nako e ts'oanang, o lokela ho hlahloba ka hloko khalori le boleng ba phepo ea phepo e le hore phoofolo e se ke ea hlaolela botenya.
Lihlopha tse kholo tsa lijo nakong ena:
- premixes;
- furu;
- joang;
- ho silika ka mokhoa o itekanetseng;
- lijo tse fokolang (0.5-1 lik'hilograma).
Nakong ea bobeli (matsatsi a 21 pele ho calving - calving)
Nakong ena, o hloka ho eketsa hanyenyane phepo ea phepo ea phepo, hobane karolo ea furu e nkeloa sebaka ke mefuta ea lijo kapa fepa. 
Ho bapisoa ha letsatsi le leng le le leng la phoofolo e boima ba lik'hilograma tse 550 ka lihlahisoa tsa selemo le selemo tse ka bang 5000 litres:
- 12 kg ea furu;
- 11 kg ea silage;
- 4 kg ea motsoako oa lijo-thollo tsa legume-cereal;
- 2 kg ea furu;
- 100 g ya premix.
Karolong ea bobeli ho ke ke ha khoneha ho thibela khalsiamo e feteletseng nakong ea lijo, e leng kotsing ea postpartum paresis. Sena se bolela hore ho hlokahala hore ho fokotsoe ho fepa li-clover tse khubelu, lesere le litlhōrō tsa tsoekere.
Hopola hore matsatsing a ho qetela pele phoofolo e thothomela, takatso ea phoofolo e ka fokotseha haholo, hobane khomo e lokela ho tsoelapele ho ja, u lokela ho etsa hore phepo e khahlehe, e ncha e be e monate, 'me puso ea phepo e lokela ho hlokomeloa ka hloko.
U ka 'na ua ba le thahasello ea ho ithuta ho fepa namane, ho fepa likhomo tsa lebese ka tsela e nepahetseng, ke eng e lokela ho ba lijo tsa poho ea poho.
Ho fepa ha hoa lokela ho fuoa likhomo tsa moimana
Ho thibetsoe ho fana ka lijo tse latelang ho tsehali:
- kaka le lijo tse tsoang k'hothone;
- fepa ka mekhoa ea ho bola, hlobo, lihlahisoa tse tsoekere kapa tse nang le serame;
- fepa ka matsatsi a 10 pele ho calving (kapa fokotsa palo ea bona ka 50%);
- ho noa letsoai ho fokotsa boikhohomoso kapa paresis.
Litlhahiso tse ling tse molemo:- nakong ea nako e omeletseng phoofolo e lokela ho ba le tokelo ea ho noa joala;
- nakong ea futhumetseng, ke habohlokoa ho boloka phoofolo seterateng ka lihora tse 8;
- likhomo tsa 'mele ha lia ka tsa tlamisoa;
- molikong oa likhama o lokela ho ba o hloekile, o omileng le o bobebe;
- phoofolo e tlameha ho sireletsoa khatellong ea maikutlo.
Ke habohlokoa! Ho hlokahala ho fepa silage, furu le furu e tala ka kakaretso.
Ka lebaka leo, motho ha aa lokela ho nyenyefatsa bohlokoa ba ho ja le ho fepa ka tsela e loketseng bakeng sa likhomo mekhahlelo ea ho qetela ea bokhachane.
Deadwood ke nako ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, e leng katleho ea eona e tla itšetlehile ka bophelo bo botle le tlhahiso ea khomo, ho phalla ha mosebetsi le ho phela hantle ha namane, ka hona maruo a moruo ka kakaretso.
Ka lebaka leo, bahlahisi ba liphoofolo ba lokela ho ela hloko ka ho khetheha ho ja lijo tsa likhomo tse boemong bona, ho etsa bonnete ba hore maemo a nepahetse ka ho fetisisa le hore ba se ke ba hatella phoofolo.
