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Ho khetha litapole bakeng sa ho lema, o lokela ho ela hloko Borovichok - mofuta o tloaelehileng oa ho ikatisa batho.
Li-tubers ha li nke lebitso lena ka phoso - li matla, li pota-potile, li boreleli, li hopola hantle li-mushroom tse nyenyane.
Litapole li butsoa pele, li na le monate o monate, li bolokiloe nako e telele 'me ha e le hantle ha li kula.
Litapole tse fapa-fapaneng Tlhaloso ea Borovichok
Lebitso la mabitso | Borovichok |
Litšobotsi tse tloaelehileng | litafole tse sa tšoaneng tsa pokello ea batho, ha e lumelle ho hloekisa mechine |
Nako ea botšehali | Matsatsi a 70-90 |
Tšoaetso ea starch | 13-17% |
Bongata ba li-tubers tsa khoebo | 120-200 g |
Palo ea li-tuber morung | 9-14 |
Tlisa | Batho ba 200-250 / ha |
Boleng ba bareki | tatso e kholo, e loketse ho baka le ho monya |
Ho tsosolosoa | 94% |
'Mala oa letlalo | mosehla |
'Mala o motala | tšoeu |
Libaka tse ntseng li hōla tse khethiloeng | mobu leha e le ofe le boemo ba leholimo |
Mafu a ho hanyetsa | e hanyetsanang le nematodes, kankere ea litapole le likokoana-hloko |
Lintho tsa ho hōla | tsoele pele ho mela ea ho jala lintho tse bonahalang le ho nosetsa ho khothalletsoa libakeng tse ka boroa |
Moqapi | e hlahisitsoeng Russia ke lihlahisoa tsa naha |
Litšobotsi tsa litapole
Borovichok litapole - sekolo sa pele se butsoitseng. Ho tloha ho letlobo la pele ho kotula ho nka matsatsi a 70 ho isa ho a 90. E fapane le tlhahiso e ntle haholo, ho tloha ho hektare e le 'ngoe ho ka khoneha ho bokella batho ba fetang 200 ba nang le li-cent, esita le li-tubers tse ntle.
Bala tsohle ka ho boloka litapole nakong ea mariha, ka mabokoseng le firiji, esita le ka maemo le maemo, ho boloka lijalo tse hlahisitsoeng ka letsoho.
Lihlahla tsa boholo bo bohareng, li-compact, tse emisitsoeng kapa tse ling-li lokile, li se li sa ata le makala. Sebopeho sa limela tse tala se leka-lekana.
Makhasi ke boholo ba sekhahla, botala bo lefifi, ba mofuta o bohareng, o nang le likhahla tse nyenyane tsa wavy. Corolla e entsoe ka lipalesa tse khōlō tse tšoeu kapa tsa tranelate. Lipalesa li oela ka potlako, monokotsoai ha o tlamehe ho tlamisoa.
Metso ea metso e hlahisoa hantle, bonyane litapole tse 10 tse kholo li thehoa tlas'a morung. Palo ea lichelete tse sa tsitsitseng li fokotseha ha li fihla ka lehlabula; kotulo ea selemo ha e nahane.
Ka tafole ka tlase u ka bona matšoao a joalo a ho hlahisa le palo ea li-tuber ka morung oa mefuta e meng ea litapole:
Lebitso la mabitso | Tlhahiso (kg / ha) | Palo ea li-tubers tse mahaeng (lipatlisiso) |
Ilinsky | 180-350 | 8-13 |
Cornflower | 200-480 | ho fihlela ho 15 |
Laura | 330-510 | ho fihlela ho 20 |
Motsoako | ho fihlela ho 500 | 6-10 |
Mahlo a buluu | ho fihlela ho 500 | 8-12 |
Adretta | ho fihlela ho 450 | 15-25 |
Alvar | 290-440 | 8-14 |
Breeze | ho fihlela ho 624 | 8-12 |
Mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ha e hlaseloa haholo ke maloetse: kankere ea litapole, likokoana-hloko tse fapa-fapaneng, Alternaria, Verticillia, Fusarium, Golden cyst-forming nematode. Hangata e angoa ke bothata bo bobebe le khofu, nakong ea lipula tsa mariha, motso kapa bohlooho bo ka 'na ba hlaha.
Bohareng ba libaka tsa tubers ba a lema mathoasong a May. Nakong ea nako, limela li qeta ka makhetlo a mararo, ho nosetsa ho nosetsoa ho buelloa libakeng tse chesang. Litapole li ka kotuloa ka mochine kapa ka letsoho.
Eketsa chai e ka etsoa ka nako e loketseng e hlahisitsoeng ka lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho kapa tsa diminerale. Nako le nako ea ho sebelisa manyolo, hammoho le mokhoa oa ho o etsa ha u lema, bala lihlooho tse sa tšoaneng tsa sebaka sa rona.
Litapole o na le tatso e monate haholo: e tsitsitseng, e phethehileng, eseng metsi. Li-tubers li na le bonolo bo phehiloeng, li ba bonolo ebile li qhibiliha feela molomong. Tabeng ena, litapole li boloka sebōpeho se setle.
E loketse ho pheha, ho utsoa, ho baka, ho etsa li-pie. Li-tubers tse phehiloeng li hlahisa mongobo o mosoeu o mosoeu. Lintho tse phahameng tsa starch le protheine li etsa hore metso e be le phepo e nepahetseng, e leng se etsang hore ba buelletsoe ho fepa bana.
Sheba le seo starch e leng sona ka har'a litapole tsa litapole tsa mefuta e sa tsoaneng:
Lebitso la mabitso | Tšoaetso ea starch |
Zekura | 13-18% |
Kubanka | 10-14% |
Crimean rose | 14-17% |
Burly | 10-12% |
Felox | 16-17% |
Triumph | 12-14% |
Agatha | 12-14% |
Natasha | 11-14% |
Uladar | 12-18% |
Bullfinch | 15-16% |
Tšimoloho
Litapole tse fapaneng tsa litapole Borovichok li ile tsa hlahisoa ke bafetoleli ba Russia. Hangata li lengoa mapolasing le mapolasing a le mong. E khothalletsoa mocheso o futhumetseng le o futhumetseng, o hōla hantle libakeng tse chesang, tse omileng (mohlala, ho Kuban).
Libakeng tse nang le selemo le mofuthu oa selemo le nako e telele ea lehlabula, o ka fumana lijalo tse peli le tse 3 ka selemo. Mefuta e fapa-fapaneng e rata mobu o nonneng oa mobu o thehiloeng mobu o mobu le lehlabathe
Photo
Setšoantšo sena se bontša mefuta e mengata ea litapole Borovichok:
Matla le mefokolo
E 'ngoe ea tsona melemo e meholo mefuta e sa tšoaneng:
- monate haholo ea tubers;
- ho butsoa pele ho nako;
- chai e ntle;
- lihlahisoa tse 'maloa ka selemo lia khoneha;
- Meroho ea motso e bolokiloe hantle;
- lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa tubers;
- ho hanyetsa maloetse a maholo;
- mamello bakeng sa liphetoho tsa leholimo;
- tlhokomelo e bonolo ea limela.
Ho na le mefokolo e seng mekae. Tsena li kenyelletsa tloaelo ea ho etsa li-tubers tse nyane, hammoho le kutloisiso ea bohlokoa ba phepo ea mobu.
Lintho tsa ho hōla
Libakeng tse futhumetseng tsa litapole e lenngoeng mathoasong a selemoLibakeng tse futhumetseng, ho falla ho fetoloa ho fihlela ka May. Tekanyetso ea Agrotechnika. Pele o jala, likheo tse khethiloeng li na le mapolanka 'me li kenngoa mokokotlong.
Litapole li khetha sebaka se nonneng sa mobu, ka loam e hōla hampe. Mobu o ka ntlafatsoa ka li-humus, peat le molora oa lepolanka, tse entsoeng ka masoba.
Li-tubers li lenngoe ka botebo ba lisenthimithara tse 10, sebaka se pakeng tsa lihlahla ho tloha ho 30 cm ho ea ho tse 35. Ke ho lakatsehang ho tlohela li-aisles tse ngata bakeng sa tlhokomelo e bonolo ea limela. E le ho sireletsa khahlanong le mofoka, li-aisles li koahetsoe ka joang kapa joang.
Bakeng sa nako, lihlahla li kenyelletsoa ka makhetlo a mabeli le sebopeho sa litoropo tse phahameng. Ha ho chesa haholo, hoa thusa ho hlophisa ho nosetsang metsi kapa ka makhetlo a 2-3 ka nako, ho nosetsa limela ka letsoho, ka ho tlosa mobu 40-50 cm.
Metso ea bohlokoa ea ho apara ka potassium sulphate, superphosphate, e hloekisitsoeng le mullein. Beke pele ho kotuloa, ho kgothaletswa ho felisa litlhōrō tsohle, sena se tla lumella hore tubers e bokelle lisebelisoa tse ngata.
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Hape le lisebelisuoa tse sebelisoang ha likokoana-hloko le li-fungicides, melemo ea bona le likotsi ho limela.
Ho na le litsela tse ngata tsa ho hōlisa litapole. Re u fa tlhahisoleseding e molemo mabapi le thekenoloji ea Sedache, mabapi le ho hōla tlas'a joang, ka mekotleng le mekotleng.
Maloetse le tse senyang lijalo
Litapole tse sa tšoaneng Borovichok e hanyetsanang le mafu a mangata a kotsi Solanaceae.
Ha ho seoelo se amehang ke kankere ea litapole, khauta ea cyst nematode, le likokoana-hloko tse sa tšoaneng.
Pele ho butsosa pholosa tubers le makhasi ho tloha bofelong blight. Bakeng sa thibelo ea ho lema ba tšoaroa ka lithethefatsi tse nang le lithethefatsi.
Ho tšolloa ho nosetsa ho tla thusa ho sireletsa ho jala ho bola, khafetsa ho phahama le ho kenngoa ha molora mobung pele o lema.
Litlhōrō tse ncha tsa litapole li hohela likokoanyana tse fapa-fapaneng: li-cecadas, li-cicadas, likokoanyana tsa sekho, liaba.
Ho tlosa likokoanyana ho tla thusa kalafo ka likokoana-hloko.
Ho thibela ponahalo ea li-wireworms e ka qala ho lema li-tubers, hammoho le potoloho e nepahetseng ea lijalo.
Lilemong tse seng kae tse seng kae, litapole li lenngoe libakeng tse ncha, libaka tse tlotsoeng li jetsoe ka phacelia kapa radish oilseed radish.
Li-precursor tse molemo ka ho fetisisa tsa litapole ke limela, k'habeche, meadow kapa litlama tse monate.
Litapole Borovichok - Mefuta e fapa-fapaneng e ntle, e ntle bakeng sa mapolasi a manyenyane. E monate ebile e monate litapole li loketse ho rekisa kapa ho sebelisa motho ka mong, peo ea ho jala e ka bokelloa ntle ho eona.
Hape re fana ka tlhahiso ea hore u itsebise ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea litapole ka mantsoe a fapaneng a ho butsosa:
Ho butsoa ha nako e khutšoanyane | Ho hōla pele | Superstore |
Nikulinsky | Bellarosa | Sehoai |
Cardinal | Timo | Juvel |
Slavyanka | Selemo | Kiranda |
Ivan da Marya | Arosa | Veneta |
Picasso | Impala | Nōka |
Kiwi | Zorachka | Karatop |
Rocco | Colette | Minerva |
Asterix | Kamensky | Meteor |